All About Circuits

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AC Lab - Build a Transformer

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.


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Complex Vector Addition

Complex Vector Addition

If vectors with uncommon angles are added, their magnitudes (lengths)…


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Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


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DC Mesh Current Analysis

DC Mesh Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Microcontroller Principles

Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…


Worksheets - Analog

Operational Amplifier Models

Operational Amplifier Models

While mention of operational amplifiers typically provokes visions of…


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Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


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The DIAC

The DIAC

Like all diodes, Shockley diodes are unidirectional devices; that is,…


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Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…


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BJT Quirks

BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…


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SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…


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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


Worksheets - Analog

Computational Circuits

Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…


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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


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Rules for Derivatives

Rules for Derivatives

Constant rule Rule of sums Rule of differences Product rule Quotient…


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AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a parallel resonant inductor-capacitor circuit and learn about oscillation, resonant frequency, and damping.


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Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


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The Instrumentation Amplifier

The Instrumentation Amplifier

What Is an Instrumentation Amplifier? An instrumentation amplifier…


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Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.


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Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

So far, we’ve explored tubes which are totally…


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Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

This calculator will convert pressure values to ten different standard units for pressure.


Tools

The Cascode Amplifier

The Cascode Amplifier

While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…


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Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

What is Rectification? Now we come to the most popular application of…


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Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Resonance in a Tank Circuit A condition of resonance will be…


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555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


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Circuit Simplification Examples

Circuit Simplification Examples

Let’s begin with a semiconductor gate circuit in need of…


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Resistance

Resistance

The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In…


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Introduction to Network Theorems for Circuit Analysis

Introduction to Network Theorems for Circuit Analysis

Anyone who’s studied geometry should be familiar with the…


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Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a broadside coupled stripline.


Tools

Waveguides

Waveguides

A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a…


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Analog Lab - High-impedance Voltmeter

Analog Lab - High-impedance Voltmeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a high-impedance voltmeter and learn about circuit loading and how to use op amps to reduce loading effects.


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Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


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Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Analog

Conventional Versus Electron Flow

Conventional Versus Electron Flow

“The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of…


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Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…


Worksheets - Analog

Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Testing a JFET with a multimeter might seem to be a relatively easy…


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DC Metrology

DC Metrology

Define the following metrological terms: • Uncertainty • Accuracy…


Worksheets - Analog

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-only memory (ROM) is similar in design to static or dynamic RAM…


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Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Analog

What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

Circuits consisting of just one battery and one load resistance are…


Textbook

The Common-base Amplifier

The Common-base Amplifier

The final transistor amplifier configuration (Figure below) we need to…


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Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…


Worksheets - Analog

Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Two relatively recent technologies designed to reduce the…


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AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

Pure resistive AC circuit: voltage and current are in phase.  …


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Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Analog

Scientific Notation in SPICE

Scientific Notation in SPICE

The SPICE circuit simulation computer program uses scientific notation…


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Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


Worksheets - Analog

Edge Coupled Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Edge Coupled Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This tool helps calculate the impedance of an edge-coupled microstrip.


Tools

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a rectangle loop.


Tools

Current Divider Circuits

Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Single-phase Induction Motors

Single-phase Induction Motors

A three-phase motor may be run from a single-phase power source.…


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Summary of Filters

Summary of Filters

As lengthy as this chapter has been up to this point, it only begins…


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Complex Circuits

Complex Circuits

What do we do if we come across a circuit more complex than the simple…


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Valence and Crystal Structure

Valence and Crystal Structure

Valence: The electrons in the outermost shell, or valence shell, are…


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High-pass Filters

High-pass Filters

A high-pass filter’s task is just the opposite of a low-pass…


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Switch Contact Design

Switch Contact Design

A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…


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Encoder

Encoder

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…


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Time Constant Circuits

Time Constant Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Basic Ammeter Use

Basic Ammeter Use

Show how this ammeter would be connected to the light bulb circuit to…


Worksheets - Analog

Transistor Ratings and Packages (BJT)

Transistor Ratings and Packages (BJT)

Like all electrical and electronic components, transistors are limited…


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