All About Circuits

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Amplifier Gain

Amplifier Gain

The Voltage Gain Because amplifiers have the ability to increase the…


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Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


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Electron Versus Conventional Flow

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

In this electrical circuit, trace the direction of current through the…


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What Are Electric Circuits?

What Are Electric Circuits?

You might have been wondering how charges can continuously flow in a…


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Time Constant Circuits

Time Constant Circuits

Generally speaking, how many “time constants” worth of time does…


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Shift Registers

Shift Registers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Rectifying Diodes

Rectifying Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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DC Lab - Rheostat Range Limiting

DC Lab - Rheostat Range Limiting

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use series and parallel resistor networks to precisely adjust the range and zero point of a rheostat.


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Digital Logic Signals

Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…


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Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…


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DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


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AC Lab - Phase Shift in a Capacitive Circuit

AC Lab - Phase Shift in a Capacitive Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple RC circuit that demonstrates phase shift and learn how out-of-phase AC voltages do not add algebraically.


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Analog Lab - 555 Ramp Signal Generator

Analog Lab - 555 Ramp Signal Generator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, construct a signal generator circuit that creates two different types of ramp signals and learn how capacitors charge when connected to resistors and constant current sources.


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Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Many electronic circuits use what is called a split or a dual power…


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What is a Filter?

What is a Filter?

It is sometimes desirable to have circuits capable of selectively…


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What is Network Analysis?

What is Network Analysis?

The basic application of Ohm’s law to combinations of series and…


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Active-mode Operation (JFET)

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…


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SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…


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Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.


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Parallel Circuit Rules

Parallel Circuit Rules

Voltage Components in a parallel circuit share the same voltage:…


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Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Because binary numeration requires so many bits to represent…


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AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a parallel resonant inductor-capacitor circuit and learn about oscillation, resonant frequency, and damping.


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Special-output Gates

Special-output Gates

Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…


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Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


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DC Lab - Rate-of-change Indicator

DC Lab - Rate-of-change Indicator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog differentiator circuit that outputs a signal proportional to the rate-of-change and learn about one of the advantages of analog circuits.


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Conventional Versus Electron Flow

Conventional Versus Electron Flow

“The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of…


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Delta-Sigma ADC

Delta-Sigma ADC

One of the more advanced ADC technologies is the so-called…


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Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


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Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


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Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


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Design Project: Simple Component Curve-Tracer Circuit

Design Project: Simple Component Curve-Tracer Circuit

What do each of the oscilloscope axes represent, in real-life terms…


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Switches, Electrically Actuated (Relays)

Switches, Electrically Actuated (Relays)

The structure behind ladder logic is based on the electrical ladder…


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Questions to Ask Before Proceeding

Questions to Ask Before Proceeding

Has the system ever worked before? If yes, has anything happened to…


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Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


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Biasing Techniques (BJT)

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…


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Vol I. Credits

Vol I. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


Worksheets - Analog

Ammeter Design

Ammeter Design

Ammeters Measure Electrical Current A meter designed to measure…


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Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computers can be powerful tools if used properly, especially in the…


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Multiple-input Gates

Multiple-input Gates

The Use of Logic Gate Inverters and buffers exhaust the possibilities…


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Polyphase Power Systems

Polyphase Power Systems

Explain the difference between a balanced polyphase system and an…


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AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


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Si Lab - Multi-stage Amplifier

Si Lab - Multi-stage Amplifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, construct a three-stage common-emitter amplifier using bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and learn about multi-stage gain and feedback.


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Temperature Coefficients of Resistance Table

Temperature Coefficients of Resistance Table

Temperature coefficient (α) per degree C: Material Element/Alloy…


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Safe Meter Usage

Safe Meter Usage

Using an electrical meter safely and efficiently is perhaps the most…


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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


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PN Junctions

PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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What is Network Analysis?

What is Network Analysis?

The basic application of Ohm’s law to combinations of series and…


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Impedance Transformation

Impedance Transformation

Standing waves at the resonant frequency points of an open- or…


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Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…


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The Instrumentation Amplifier

The Instrumentation Amplifier

What Is an Instrumentation Amplifier? An instrumentation amplifier…


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SPICE Quirks

SPICE Quirks

“Garbage in, garbage out.” —Anonymous   SPICE…


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General Troubleshooting Tips

General Troubleshooting Tips

When first approaching a failed or otherwise misbehaving system, the…


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Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Elementary Circuits

Elementary Circuits

In the simplest terms you can think of, define what an electrical…


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Amplifier Gain

Amplifier Gain

The Voltage Gain Because amplifiers have the ability to increase the…


Textbook

Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


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Δ-Y and Y-Δ Conversions

Δ-Y and Y-Δ Conversions

In many circuit applications, we encounter components connected…


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Design Project: Telegraph System

Design Project: Telegraph System

What voltage will you choose to use for each of the station batteries?


Worksheets - Analog