All About Circuits

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Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


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Finite-state Machine

Finite-state Machine

Feedback is a fascinating engineering principle. It can turn a rather…


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Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

As an example of using several circuits together, we are going to make…


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Time-delay Relays

Time-delay Relays

What are Time-Delay Relays? Some relays are constructed with a kind of…


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Introduction to Digital Communication

Introduction to Digital Communication

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…


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Fail-safe Design

Fail-safe Design

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…


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Oscillator Circuits

Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Digital Logic Signals

Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Binary Addition

Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…


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Memory Devices

Memory Devices

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Binary Count Sequence

Binary Count Sequence

If we examine a four-bit binary count sequence from 0000 to 1111, a…


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Programmable Logic Technology

Programmable Logic Technology

Define the following acronyms as they apply to digital logic circuits:…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…


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What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…


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Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

The Pentode

The Pentode

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…


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Optoelectronic Devices

Optoelectronic Devices

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Standing Waves and Resonance

Standing Waves and Resonance

Whenever there is a mismatch of impedance between transmission line…


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Successive Approximation ADC

Successive Approximation ADC

One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is…


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Snell’s Law Calculator

Snell’s Law Calculator

Given three of the four input parameters (refractive indices, angles of incidence, and refraction) this tool calculates the missing variable based on Snell's law.


Tools

Radar Maximum Range Calculator

Radar Maximum Range Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the maximum distance (range) that a radar can detect


Tools

Programmable Logic Technology

Programmable Logic Technology

Define the following acronyms as they apply to digital logic circuits:…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

It is a common phenomenon for the electrical resistance of a substance…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave bridge rectifier using silicon diodes and learn some of this circuit's advantages and disadvantages.


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Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


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Ohm’s Law Calculator

Ohm’s Law Calculator

Calculate circuit parameters using Ohm's Law


Tools

Performance-Based Assessments for Analog Integrated Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Analog Integrated Circuit Competencies


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Measurements of AC Magnitude

Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…


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555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


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Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Whenever electrons flow through a conductor, a magnetic field will…


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Parallel Resistor-Inductor Circuits

Parallel Resistor-Inductor Circuits

Let’s take the same components for our series example circuit…


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Band-pass Filters

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…


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Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Mathematical rules are based on the defining limits we place on the…


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Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance

Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance

What will happen to the brightness of the light bulb as the iron core…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


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Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…


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Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Research the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) guidelines on…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Si Lab - Astable Multivibrator Audio Oscillator

Si Lab - Astable Multivibrator Audio Oscillator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build an astable multivibrator (oscillator) circuit that provides an output in the audio frequency range and learn the effect of component values and supply voltage on oscillation frequency.


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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

The DIAC

The DIAC

Like all diodes, Shockley diodes are unidirectional devices; that is,…


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Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


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Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

The invention of the bipolar transistor in 1948 ushered in a…


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Digital Lab - S-R Latch With Enable Input using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch With Enable Input using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an S-R latch with an enabled input using four NAND gates and learn more about digital circuit functionality.


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Circuit Components

Circuit Components

Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…


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General Troubleshooting Tips

General Troubleshooting Tips

When first approaching a failed or otherwise misbehaving system, the…


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Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

The first, and perhaps most important, relationship between current,…


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Performance-Based Assessments for Semiconductor Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Semiconductor Circuit Competencies


Worksheets - Digital ICs

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test mixed-signal analog and digital circuits using the versatile 555 timer IC. These projects will teach you about RC time constants, duty cycle, transistor current drive, LEDs, voltage doublers, and more.


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Reflection Attenuator Calculator

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the value of resistance R1 in a reflection attenuator.


Tools

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


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