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Binary Subtraction

Binary Subtraction

We can subtract one binary number from another by using the standard…


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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


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Boolean Arithmetic

Boolean Arithmetic

Let us begin our exploration of Boolean algebra by adding numbers…


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The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…


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Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs

Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs

The normal data inputs to a flip flop (D, S and R, or J and K) are…


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Network Protocols

Network Protocols

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and…


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Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Programmable Logic Technology

Programmable Logic Technology

Define the following acronyms as they apply to digital logic circuits:…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Full-Adder

Full-Adder

The half-adder is extremely useful until you want to add more than one…


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Binary Math Circuits

Binary Math Circuits

Add the following binary numbers:


Worksheets - Digital ICs

“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


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Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

The purpose of the parallel-in/ parallel-out shift register is to take…


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Current Signal Systems

Current Signal Systems

Current Source It is possible through the use of electronic amplifiers…


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The Tetrode

The Tetrode

As the name suggests, the tetrode tube contains four elements: cathode…


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Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a pulse-width modulator power controller for a light and learn the basics of PWM signals.


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Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…


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Bandpass Filter Calculator

Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.


Tools

Magnetic Units of Measurement

Magnetic Units of Measurement

In electric circuits, the three basic quantities are voltage (E or V),…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Common Derivatives

Common Derivatives

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…


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Numbers and Symbols

Numbers and Symbols

The expression of numerical quantities is something we tend to take…


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AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

AC Circuit Equations

AC Circuit Equations

Inductive Reactance     Capacitive Reactance    …


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Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Time Constant Circuits

Time Constant Circuits

Generally speaking, how many “time constants” worth of time does…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge cannot be solved using simple series…


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Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

A calculator for computing the gain and output voltage of an operational amplifier


Tools

The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

If we take the equivalent circuit of an SCR and add another external…


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Data - Resistance & Superconductor

Data - Resistance & Superconductor

Tables of specific resistance and temperature coefficient of…


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Step-up and Step-down Transformers

Step-up and Step-down Transformers

So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…


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Decibel Measurements

Decibel Measurements

During the early development of telephone technology, a unit was…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Permeability and Saturation

Permeability and Saturation

The nonlinearity of material permeability may be graphed for better…


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Switches, Process Actuated

Switches, Process Actuated

It is very important to keep in mind that the “normal”…


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Specific Resistance of Conductors

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

The common-drain Amplifier (JFET)

The common-drain Amplifier (JFET)

RELATED WORKSHEETS: JFET Amplifiers Worksheet


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Conductors and Insulators

Conductors and Insulators

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Band Theory of Solids

Band Theory of Solids

Quantum physics describes the states of electrons in an atom according…


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555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


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Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


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Other Specialized Motors

Other Specialized Motors

Shaded Pole Induction Motor An easy way to provide starting torque to…


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The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

  Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x)…


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Meter Check of a Transistor (BJT)

Meter Check of a Transistor (BJT)

Bipolar transistors are constructed of a three-layer semiconductor…


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IC Fabrication and Packaging

IC Fabrication and Packaging

What does it mean if an integrated circuit comes in DIP form? What…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Introduction to Complex Numbers

Introduction to Complex Numbers

If I needed to describe the distance between two cities, I could…


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Reflection Attenuator Calculator

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the value of resistance R1 in a reflection attenuator.


Tools

Bipolar Junction Transistors

Bipolar Junction Transistors

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was named because its operation…


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Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


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Superconducting Devices

Superconducting Devices

Superconducting devices, though not widely used, have some unique…


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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…


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Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…


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Vol II. Credits

Vol II. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Contributors (10)

Contributors (10)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Time-delay Relays

Time-delay Relays

What are Time-Delay Relays? Some relays are constructed with a kind of…


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