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Latest Discrete Logic Education

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Karnaugh Mapping

Karnaugh Mapping

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


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The “Buffer” Gate

The “Buffer” Gate

If we were to connect two inverter gates together so that the output…


Textbook

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable…


Textbook

A Binary Adder

A Binary Adder

Suppose we wanted to build a device that could add two binary bits…


Textbook

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Knowing how to generate Gray code should allow us to build larger…


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Programmable Logic Technology

Programmable Logic Technology

Define the following acronyms as they apply to digital logic circuits:…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

TTL NAND and AND gates

TTL NAND and AND gates

Suppose we altered our basic open-collector inverter circuit, adding a…


Textbook

Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Circuit Simplification Examples

Circuit Simplification Examples

Let’s begin with a semiconductor gate circuit in need of…


Textbook

Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Safe Meter Usage

Safe Meter Usage

Using an electrical meter safely and efficiently is perhaps the most…


Textbook

Digital Logic Functions

Digital Logic Functions

We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…


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Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Shift Registers

Shift Registers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an edge-triggered S-R flip-flop, learn the difference between a latch and a flip-flop, and experience how a switch bounce can cause logic errors.


Textbook

Full-Adder

Full-Adder

The half-adder is extremely useful until you want to add more than one…


Textbook

Microcontroller Principles

Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Boolean Algebraic Properties

Boolean Algebraic Properties

Another type of mathematical identity, called a “property”…


Textbook

Introduction to Digital Communication

Introduction to Digital Communication

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…


Textbook

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.


Textbook

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


Textbook

DIP Gate Packaging

DIP Gate Packaging

Digital logic gate circuits are manufactured as integrated circuits:…


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Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


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The S-R Latch

The S-R Latch

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…


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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…


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Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Full-Adder

Full-Adder

The half-adder is extremely useful until you want to add more than one…


Textbook

Fail-safe Design

Fail-safe Design

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…


Textbook

Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…


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555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Schmitt trigger using a 555 timer and learn about hysteresis and the inner workings of the extremely versatile 555 timer IC.


Textbook

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


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555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


Textbook

Analog and Digital Signals

Analog and Digital Signals

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement…


Textbook

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-only memory (ROM) is similar in design to static or dynamic RAM…


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Digital Lab - 7-segment LED Display

Digital Lab - 7-segment LED Display

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a 7-segment binary-coded decimal (BCD) display and learn about active-low and active-high logic inputs.


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Encoder

Encoder

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…


Textbook

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

What Is Kirchhoff’s Current Law? Kirchhoff’s Current Law,…


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Monostable Multivibrators

Monostable Multivibrators

We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in…


Textbook

Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Identify which trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, or tangent) are…


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AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

Pure resistive AC circuit: voltage and current are in phase.  …


Textbook

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.


Textbook

Vectors and AC Waveforms

Vectors and AC Waveforms

OK, so how exactly can we represent AC quantities of voltage or…


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AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


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Transistor Ratings and Packages (JFET)

Transistor Ratings and Packages (JFET)


Textbook

Battery Life Calculator

Battery Life Calculator

This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.


Tools

Temperature Coefficients of Resistance Table

Temperature Coefficients of Resistance Table

Temperature coefficient (α) per degree C: Material Element/Alloy…


Textbook

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.


Textbook

Δ-Y and Y-Δ Conversions

Δ-Y and Y-Δ Conversions

In many circuit applications, we encounter components connected…


Textbook

Arithmetic with Scientific Notation

Arithmetic with Scientific Notation

The benefits of scientific notation do not end with ease of writing…


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Clamper Circuits

Clamper Circuits

The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…


Textbook

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


Textbook

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…


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DeMorgan’s Theorems

DeMorgan’s Theorems

A mathematician named DeMorgan developed a pair of important rules…


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Specific Resistance of Conductors

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic