All About Circuits

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Digital Communication

Digital Communication

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Network Protocols

Network Protocols

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and…


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


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Passive Filter Circuits

Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…


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Waveguides

Waveguides

A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a…


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PN Junctions

PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Timer Circuits

Timer Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Op-Amp Data

Op-Amp Data

Parametric data for all semiconductor op-amp models except the CA3130…


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Power Conversion Circuits

Power Conversion Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…


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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


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Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of current (4…


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Microcontroller Principles

Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

This page provides a step-by-step introduction to using the mesh…


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Data Flow

Data Flow

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…


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Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…


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High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


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Flash ADC

Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…


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Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.


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Wire Stripline Impedance Calculator

Wire Stripline Impedance Calculator

A calculator for computing the impedance of a wire stripline.


Tools

Safety Grounding

Safety Grounding

In simple AC power systems, one of the two conductors is typically…


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RF Power Ratio Conversion Calculator

RF Power Ratio Conversion Calculator

This tool is designed to convert power ratios to decibel


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Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Complex Circuits

Complex Circuits

What do we do if we come across a circuit more complex than the simple…


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Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Look-up Tables

Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…


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Network Topology

Network Topology

Point-to-Point Connecting two digital devices with a network, would…


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555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


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Zener Diodes

Zener Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Commutator Motors

AC Commutator Motors

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…


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Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


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Vol V. Credits

Vol V. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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Trigonometric Derivatives

Trigonometric Derivatives

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…


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Electron Versus Conventional Flow

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

In this electrical circuit, trace the direction of current through the…


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DC Branch Current Analysis

DC Branch Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Solid-state Relays

Solid-state Relays

Limitations of Electromechanical Relays As versatile as…


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Table (landscape view)

Table (landscape view)

Periodic table of chemical elements.


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Control Circuits

Control Circuits


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AC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector with Audio Output

AC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector with Audio Output

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.


Textbook

Edge Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

Edge Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

A calculator for computing the impedance of an edge coupled stripline.


Tools

DC Lab - Parallel Batteries

DC Lab - Parallel Batteries

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will connect batteries in parallel to power a light and learn the relationship between the individual battery currents and the total system current.


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.


Tools

Microprocessors

Microprocessors

Early computer science pioneers such as Alan Turing and John Von…


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Capacitor Sizing Equation

Capacitor Sizing Equation

Capacitance Formula     Permittivity of Dielectric  …


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Factoring Equivalencies

Factoring Equivalencies

Factoring Identities :   a2 - b2 = (a + b) (a - b) a2 + 2ab + b2…


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Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an edge-triggered S-R flip-flop, learn the difference between a latch and a flip-flop, and experience how a switch bounce can cause logic errors.


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Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


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Microstrip Max Current Calculator

Microstrip Max Current Calculator

A calculator for solving the maximum current a microstrip can handle.


Tools

Trigonometric Derivatives

Trigonometric Derivatives

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…


Textbook

Pi Attenuator Calculator

Pi Attenuator Calculator

This calculator helps you determine the values of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used for a Pi Attenuator.


Tools

Twisted-Pair Impedance Calculator

Twisted-Pair Impedance Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable


Tools

Sum and Product Notation

Sum and Product Notation

For reference, this section introduces the terminology used in some…


Textbook

Standing Waves and Resonance

Standing Waves and Resonance

Whenever there is a mismatch of impedance between transmission line…


Textbook