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Timer Circuits

Timer Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of current (4…


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Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


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AC Circuit Equations

AC Circuit Equations

Inductive Reactance     Capacitive Reactance    …


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Design Project: Simple Component Curve-Tracer Circuit

Design Project: Simple Component Curve-Tracer Circuit

What do each of the oscilloscope axes represent, in real-life terms…


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Electromechanical Relay Logic

Electromechanical Relay Logic

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…


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High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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PN Junctions

PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage…


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AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


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Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Identify which trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, or tangent) are…


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Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge cannot be solved using simple series…


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AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.


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Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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DC Motor Theory

DC Motor Theory

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…


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Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Power Measurement

Power Measurement

Power measurement in AC circuits can be quite a bit more complex than…


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Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


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AC Phase

AC Phase

Things start to get complicated when we need to relate two or more AC…


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SPICE Quirks

SPICE Quirks

“Garbage in, garbage out.” —Anonymous   SPICE…


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Power Added Efficiency Calculator

Power Added Efficiency Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the power-added efficiency (PAE) of an amplifier


Tools

Vol VI. Credits

Vol VI. Credits

The following is a partial list of contributors to the current online…


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Digital Ramp ADC

Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…


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Digital Lab - S-R Latch With Enable Input using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch With Enable Input using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an S-R latch with an enabled input using four NAND gates and learn more about digital circuit functionality.


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Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…


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Capacitor Transient Response

Capacitor Transient Response

Because capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, they…


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Network Protocols

Network Protocols

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and…


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Resistivity Calculator

Resistivity Calculator

This calculator calculates the resistivity of a component based on its resistance value, length, and cross-sectional area.


Tools

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Rules for Antiderivatives

Rules for Antiderivatives

Constant Rule     Rule of Sums     Rule of…


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555 Timer Monostable Circuit Calculator

555 Timer Monostable Circuit Calculator

This calculator computes for the output pulse width of a 555 timer monostable circuit


Tools

Hand Calculator Use

Hand Calculator Use

To enter numbers in scientific notation into a hand calculator, there…


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Karnaugh Mapping

Karnaugh Mapping

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


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Multimeters

Multimeters

Seeing as how a common meter movement can be made to function as a…


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Logarithms for Analog Circuits

Logarithms for Analog Circuits

The concept of a mathematical power is familiar to most students of…


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Light-Pulse Switch

Light-Pulse Switch

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…


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Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Testing a JFET with a multimeter might seem to be a relatively easy…


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Applying Ohm’s Law—Rules and Methods for Circuit Analysis

Applying Ohm’s Law—Rules and Methods for Circuit Analysis

When analyzing complex series and parallel circuits, it is easy to…


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Calculating Power Factor

Calculating Power Factor

As was mentioned before, the angle of this “power…


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Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

The purpose of the parallel-in/ parallel-out shift register is to take…


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Wattmeter Design

Wattmeter Design

Power in an electric circuit is the product (multiplication) of…


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Practical Considerations - Capacitors

Practical Considerations - Capacitors

Capacitors, like all electrical components, have limitations that must…


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Resistors

Resistors

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…


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Nonlinear Conduction

Nonlinear Conduction

“Advances are made by answering questions. Discoveries are made…


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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Combination Tubes

Combination Tubes

Similar in thought to the idea of the integrated circuit, tube…


Textbook

Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an S-R latch using two NOR gates and learn how this type of digital memory operates, including invalid states, race conditions, and the effects of output loading.


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Tube Parameters

Tube Parameters

For bipolar junction transistors, the fundamental measure of…


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Encoders and Decoders

Encoders and Decoders

What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…


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Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Bridge Circuits

AC Bridge Circuits

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…


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Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following…


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True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

Reactive Power We know that reactive loads such as inductors and…


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The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

  Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x)…


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Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


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Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

So far, we’ve explored tubes which are totally…


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Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


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Oscillator Circuits

Oscillator Circuits

Phase shift oscillator. R1C1, R2C2, and R3C3 each provide 60° of…


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Hysteresis

Hysteresis

Thyristors are a class of semiconductor components exhibiting…


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