All About Circuits

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Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


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Design Project: Simple Component Curve-Tracer Circuit

Design Project: Simple Component Curve-Tracer Circuit

What do each of the oscilloscope axes represent, in real-life terms…


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Vol II. Credits

Vol II. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Binary Math Circuits

Binary Math Circuits

Add the following binary numbers:


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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Superposition Theorem

Superposition Theorem

The superposition theorem is one of those strokes of genius that takes…


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Reluctance Motor

Reluctance Motor

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…


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Oscillator Circuits

Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Ring Counters

Ring Counters

If the output of a shift register is fed back to the input. a ring…


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Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Over the course of the next few chapters, you will learn that AC…


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Signal Modulation

Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…


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Electrical Noise and Interference

Electrical Noise and Interference

Define what noise means, in the electrical sense of the word. How does…


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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


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AC Phase

AC Phase

Things start to get complicated when we need to relate two or more AC…


Textbook

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

The first, and perhaps most important, relationship between current,…


Textbook

Power Conversion Circuits

Power Conversion Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


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Branch Current Method Analysis

Branch Current Method Analysis

The most straightforward DC network analysis technique is the branch…


Textbook

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


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Static Electricity

Static Electricity

What does it mean for an object to have an electric charge? Give an…


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Edge Coupled Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Edge Coupled Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This tool helps calculate the impedance of an edge-coupled microstrip.


Tools

Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a broadside coupled stripline.


Tools

Properties of Exponents

Properties of Exponents

Product of Powers Property am an = am+n   Power of a Product…


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Capacitor Transient Response

Capacitor Transient Response

Because capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, they…


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The S-R Latch

The S-R Latch

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…


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Microstrip Crosstalk Calculator

Microstrip Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a microstrip.


Tools

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator using a 555 timer and learn the theory of operation of the 555 timer when configured as an astable multivibrator.


Textbook

Measurements of AC Magnitude

Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…


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Basic Ammeter Use

Basic Ammeter Use

Show how this ammeter would be connected to the light bulb circuit to…


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Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

Although the prime intent of octal and hexadecimal numeration systems…


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Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Two relatively recent technologies designed to reduce the…


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Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

What is Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)? The principle known as…


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Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

By now you should be well aware of the correlation between electrical…


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Practical Considerations - Transformers

Practical Considerations - Transformers

Power Capacity As has already been observed, transformers must be well…


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Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…


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Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Electrical Energy Calculator

Electrical Energy Calculator

This calculator will determine the instantaneous energy, sustained energy, and power consumed by an electrical system given two of the three electrical parameters (voltage, current, or resistance) and the time.


Tools

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

At first it may seem pointless to have the four buffer gates following…


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Capacitor Sizing Equation

Capacitor Sizing Equation

Capacitance Formula     Permittivity of Dielectric  …


Textbook

Series and Parallel Component Equivalent Values

Series and Parallel Component Equivalent Values

Series and Parallel Resistances     Series and Parallel…


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AC Lab - Introduction

AC Lab - Introduction

In this series of hands-on electronics experiments, build alternating current (AC) circuits and learn about basic electrical engineering circuit concepts, including transformers, motors, phase shifts, signal coupling, and noise cancellation.


Textbook

Coax Inductance Calculator

Coax Inductance Calculator

A calculator for computing the inductance of a coaxial cable.


Tools

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


Textbook

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


Textbook

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…


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Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.


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Principles of Radio

Principles of Radio

One of the more fascinating applications of electricity is in the…


Textbook

Si Lab - Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

Si Lab - Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple DC voltage regulator circuit and learn how to use reverse-biased Zener diodes as voltage clamps.


Textbook

Gas Discharge Tubes

Gas Discharge Tubes

If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen…


Textbook

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Over the course of the next few chapters, you will learn that AC…


Textbook

Mutual Inductors

Mutual Inductors

Mutual inductors are inductors that capitalize the effect of mutual…


Textbook

AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


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Electron Activity in Chemical Reactions

Electron Activity in Chemical Reactions

So far in our discussions on electricity and electric circuits, we…


Textbook

Inductor Commutating Circuits

Inductor Commutating Circuits

A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…


Textbook

An Electric Pendulum

An Electric Pendulum

Capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, and…


Textbook

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric strength in kilovolts per inch (kV/in): Material*…


Textbook

Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Identify which trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, or tangent) are…


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Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


Textbook

Intro Lab - Ohm’s Law

Intro Lab - Ohm’s Law

Project Overview This project employs all of the skills…


Textbook