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555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Schmitt trigger using a 555 timer and learn about hysteresis and the inner workings of the extremely versatile 555 timer IC.


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Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


Textbook

Design Project: Audio Power Amplifier

Design Project: Audio Power Amplifier

Explain how the microphone in your amplifier works. How, exactly, does…


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AC Network Analysis

AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following…


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Static Electricity

Static Electricity

What does it mean for an object to have an electric charge? Give an…


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Electrical Connections

Electrical Connections

What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between…


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AC phase

AC phase

If we were to express the series-connected DC voltages as phasors…


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Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Up to this point we have considered logic reduction problems where…


Textbook

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

The first, and perhaps most important, relationship between current,…


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Step-up and Step-down Transformers

Step-up and Step-down Transformers

So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…


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Temperature Converter

Temperature Converter

Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin


Tools

AC Circuit Equations

AC Circuit Equations

Inductive Reactance     Capacitive Reactance    …


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Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

This calculator computes for the capacitor charge time and energy, given the supply voltage and the added series resistance.


Tools

DC Lab - Current Divider

DC Lab - Current Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build resistive current dividers and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's current law function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


Textbook

Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

We know that the current in a series circuit may be calculated with…


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Microstrip Max Current Calculator

Microstrip Max Current Calculator

A calculator for solving the maximum current a microstrip can handle.


Tools

Time Constant Calculations

Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.


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Binary Addition

Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Likely Failures in Proven Systems

Likely Failures in Proven Systems

The following problems are arranged in order from most likely to least…


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Metric Prefix Conversions

Metric Prefix Conversions

To express a quantity in a different metric prefix from how it was…


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Logarithms

Logarithms

Definition of a Logarithm     “log” denotes a…


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Enhancement-type IGFETs

Enhancement-type IGFETs


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Derivatives of Power Functions of e

Derivatives of Power Functions of e

Example Derivatives of e Proportionality Constant When we say that a…


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Contributors (12)

Contributors (12)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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From Electric to Electronic

From Electric to Electronic

Introduction This third volume of the book series Lessons In Electric…


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Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


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Standing Waves and Resonance

Standing Waves and Resonance

Whenever there is a mismatch of impedance between transmission line…


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Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic. Released under the Creative Commons…


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Resistor Color Codes

Resistor Color Codes

Try out our Resistor Color Code Calculator in our Tools section.…


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DC Lab - Precision Potentiometer

DC Lab - Precision Potentiometer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a precision potentiometer from three lower precision potentiometer and learn about voltage range compression and parameter interactions.


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555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test mixed-signal analog and digital circuits using the versatile 555 timer IC. These projects will teach you about RC time constants, duty cycle, transistor current drive, LEDs, voltage doublers, and more.


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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Integrated Circuits

Integrated Circuits

  A Logic Gate is assigned as an elementary building block of…


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Memory Devices

Memory Devices

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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T-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

T-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

A tool designed to compute the values to be used in a T-match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable…


Textbook

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

This calculator computes for the capacitor charge time and energy, given the supply voltage and the added series resistance.


Tools

AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


Textbook

Regulated Power Sources

Regulated Power Sources

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Stripline Trace Width Calculator

Stripline Trace Width Calculator

A calculator designed to calculate the trace width of a stripline based on the maximum current rating


Tools

Beam Power Tubes

Beam Power Tubes

In the beam power tube, the basic four-element structure of the…


Textbook

Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computers can be powerful tools if used properly, especially in the…


Textbook

High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

The invention of the bipolar transistor in 1948 ushered in a…


Textbook

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…


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Insulator Breakdown Voltage

Insulator Breakdown Voltage

The atoms in insulating materials have very tightly-bound electrons,…


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Systems of Numeration

Systems of Numeration

Roman Numerals The Romans devised a system that was a substantial…


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Digital Logic With Feedback

Digital Logic With Feedback

With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite…


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Quantum Devices

Quantum Devices

Most integrated circuits are digital, based on MOS (CMOS) transistors.…


Textbook

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Determine what the magnitude and polarity of the voltmeter’s…


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Contributors (10)

Contributors (10)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Potential Pitfalls

Potential Pitfalls

Fallacious reasoning and poor interpersonal relations account for more…


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Low-pass Filters

Low-pass Filters

By definition, a low-pass filter is a circuit offering easy passage to…


Textbook

Safety Grounding

Safety Grounding

In simple AC power systems, one of the two conductors is typically…


Worksheets - Power

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

The purpose of the parallel-in/ parallel-out shift register is to take…


Textbook