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Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Performance-Based Assessments for Basic Electricity Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Basic Electricity Competencies

(Template)


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Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…


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Rectifying Diodes

Rectifying Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The Common-emitter Amplifier

The Common-emitter Amplifier

At the beginning of this chapter, it illustrates how transistors could…


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Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Suppose a 12 volt lead-acid battery has an internal resistance of 20…


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Multimeters

Multimeters

Seeing as how a common meter movement can be made to function as a…


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Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.


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Computational Circuits

Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…


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Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

How is it possible to assign a fixed value of voltage or current (such…


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Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Determine what the magnitude and polarity of the voltmeter’s…


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Design Project: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Design Project: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

What, exactly, is an arbitrary waveform generator, and for what…


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Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.


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AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


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AC Bridge Circuits

AC Bridge Circuits

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…


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Slope (integrating) ADC

Slope (integrating) ADC

So far, we’ve only been able to escape the sheer volume of…


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Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


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Strain Gauges

Strain Gauges

If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier…


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Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

After applying some of the general troubleshooting tips to narrow the…


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Fundamentals of SPICE programming

Fundamentals of SPICE programming

Programming a circuit simulation with SPICE is much like programming…


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Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


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Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Specific Resistance of Conductors

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


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Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


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Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Network Analysis

AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Linear Computational Circuitry

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Metrology

AC Metrology

In power distribution systems, it is very important to be able to…


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Some Examples with AC Circuits

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…


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Current Divider Circuits

Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…


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Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure resistance using the ohmmeter function.


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Practical Power Factor Correction

Practical Power Factor Correction

When the need arises to correct for poor power factor in an AC power…


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Switches

Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


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Design Project: Voltmeter

Design Project: Voltmeter

The most important component of your voltmeter will be the…


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Optical Data Communication

Optical Data Communication

A modern alternative to sending (binary) digital information via…


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Peak Voltage Calculator

Peak Voltage Calculator

The peak voltage calculator calculates peak voltage values from the peak-to-peak voltage, RMS voltage, or average voltage.


Tools

Successive Approximation ADC

Successive Approximation ADC

One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is…


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Current Signal Systems

Current Signal Systems

Current Source It is possible through the use of electronic amplifiers…


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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


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Special Transformers and Applications

Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…


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EIRP Calculator

EIRP Calculator

A helpful tool for computing the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of an antenna


Tools

The Common-source Amplifier (JFET)

The Common-source Amplifier (JFET)

RELATED WORKSHEETS: JFET Amplifiers Worksheet


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Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

It is a common phenomenon for the electrical resistance of a substance…


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Electric Shock Data

Electric Shock Data

The table of electric currents and their various bodily effects was…


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Electrical Conduction in Semiconductors

Electrical Conduction in Semiconductors

In any electrically conductive substance, what are charge carriers?…


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Time Constant Circuits

Time Constant Circuits

Generally speaking, how many “time constants” worth of time does…


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The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

  Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x)…


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Likely Failures in Proven Systems

Likely Failures in Proven Systems

The following problems are arranged in order from most likely to least…


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Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…


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Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

This calculator computes the noise figure and noise temperature in a system


Tools

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…


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Friis Transmission Calculator

Friis Transmission Calculator

This calculator allows you to solve for any of the six variables in the Friis formula for RF transmission: transmitter power, transmitter gain, receiver power, receiver gain, frequency, or distance.


Tools

The D Latch

The D Latch

Since the enable input on a gated S-R latch provides a way to latch…


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Vectors and AC Waveforms

Vectors and AC Waveforms

OK, so how exactly can we represent AC quantities of voltage or…


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