Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…

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Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Research the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) guidelines on…

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Balanced Attenuator Calculator

This balanced attenuator calculator helps you determine the resistor (R1) values for a balanced attenuator.

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Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…

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Band-stop Filters

How to Create a Band-stop Filter? Also called band-elimination,…

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Band Theory of Solids

Quantum physics describes the states of electrons in an atom according…

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Practical considerations - Digital Communication

A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the…

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Harmonic Phase Sequences

In the last section, we saw how the 3rd harmonic and all of its…

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Decibels

The Bel is Used to Represent Gain In its simplest form, an…

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EIRP Calculator

A helpful tool for computing the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of an antenna

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Square Wave Signals

It has been found that any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform can be…

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Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Normally, the rotor windings of a wound rotor induction motor are…

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Data Flow

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…

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Noise Figure Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the noise figure of cascaded amplifiers

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Rectifier Circuits

What is Rectification? Now we come to the most popular application of…

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Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…

Worksheets - Wireless/RF

RF Power Ratio Conversion Calculator

This tool is designed to convert power ratios to decibel

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Power Added Efficiency Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the power-added efficiency (PAE) of an amplifier

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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Waveguides

A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a…

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Feedback

If some percentage of an amplifier’s output signal is connected…

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Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs

The normal data inputs to a flip flop (D, S and R, or J and K) are…

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Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…

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Microstrip Wavelength Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip.

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Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computers can be powerful tools if used properly, especially in the…

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Simple Circuits

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…

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Practical Considerations - Capacitors

Capacitors, like all electrical components, have limitations that must…

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Control Circuits

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Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

It is a common phenomenon for the electrical resistance of a substance…

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Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

This calculator determines the wavelength of a signal given the frequency and dielectric constant.

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Regulated Power Sources

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Finite-state Machine

Feedback is a fascinating engineering principle. It can turn a rather…

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Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Rules for Limits

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…

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Inductor Commutating Circuits

A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…

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Solid-state Relays

Limitations of Electromechanical Relays As versatile as…

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Electrical Isolation

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…

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Design Project: LED Stroboscope

A technician uses a stroboscope to “freeze” the rotation of a…

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Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

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How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

When calculating the power dissipation of resistive components, we can…

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Practical Power Factor Correction

When the need arises to correct for poor power factor in an AC power…

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Torque Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert between units of torque

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Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Worksheets - Wireless/RF

RF Power Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert RF power from watts to decibels and vice versa

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Si Lab - JFET Switching Circuit and Static Electricity Sensor

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) to build a sensitive switching circuit and learn about JFET current gain.

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Why digital?

Although many textbooks provide good introductions to digital memory…

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Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes

Write the following exponential expressions in expanded form: 101 =…

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Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…

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Square Root, Cube Root, and Nth Root Calculator

This calculator will determine the square root, cube root, or nth root of a given number, x.

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Numbers and Symbols

The expression of numerical quantities is something we tend to take…

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The Importance of Electrical Safety

With this lesson, I hope to avoid a common mistake found in…

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Motor Control Circuits

The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…

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Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.

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Electric Fields and Capacitance

Introduction Whenever an electric voltage exists between two separated…

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Step-up and Step-down Transformers

So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…

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Making a Venn Diagram Look Like a Karnaugh Map

Starting with circle A in a rectangular A’ universe in figure…

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Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

It is a common phenomenon for the electrical resistance of a substance…

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Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.

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The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Shockley Diodes and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Shockley…

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Contributors (4)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

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