All About Circuits

Latest Wireless/RF Education

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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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Impedance Transformation

Impedance Transformation

Standing waves at the resonant frequency points of an open- or…


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Magnetic Units of Measurement

Magnetic Units of Measurement

If the burden of two systems of measurement for common quantities…


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Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


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Microstrip Wavelength Calculator

Microstrip Wavelength Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip.


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Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


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Other Diode Technologies

Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…


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Peak Detector

Peak Detector

A peak detector is a series connection of a diode and a…


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Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…


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Noise Figure Calculator

Noise Figure Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the noise figure of cascaded amplifiers


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Network Topology

Network Topology

Point-to-Point Connecting two digital devices with a network, would…


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Impedance Matching With Transformers

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Finite State Machines

Finite State Machines

Up to now, every circuit that was presented was a combinatorial…


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Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator

Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator

This calculator will determine the correct antenna downtilt angle given the heights of the antennas and distance between them.


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Electrical Noise and Interference

Electrical Noise and Interference

Define what noise means, in the electrical sense of the word. How does…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Permanent Magnets

Permanent Magnets

Centuries ago, it was discovered that certain types of mineral rock…


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Special Transformers and Applications

Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…


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Electric Shock

Electric Shock

It is sometimes said regarding electrical safety that, Ït’s not the…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…


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Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Inductor Transient Response

Inductor Transient Response

Inductors have the exact opposite characteristics of capacitors.…


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Binary Math

Binary Math

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…


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Convert MCD to Lumens

Convert MCD to Lumens

This calculator is useful for calculating the luminous flux for LEDs where the angle is known.


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Making a Venn Diagram Look Like a Karnaugh Map

Making a Venn Diagram Look Like a Karnaugh Map

Starting with circle A in a rectangular A’ universe in figure…


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Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

So far, we’ve explored tubes which are totally…


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Single-phase Power Systems

Single-phase Power Systems

Single phase power system schematic diagram shows little about the…


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Non-right Triangle Trigonometry

Non-right Triangle Trigonometry

The Law of Sines (for any triangle) The Law of Cosines (for any…


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Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


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AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an AC voltage source connected to speakers to learn about sound waves and the foundational principle used in noise cancelling headphones.


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Table (portrait view)

Table (portrait view)

  Periodic table of chemical elements.


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Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

A very useful tool for observing rotating objects is a strobe light.…


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Special-output Gates

Special-output Gates

Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…


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Potential Pitfalls

Potential Pitfalls

Fallacious reasoning and poor interpersonal relations account for more…


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Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

You might have noticed on the table for specific resistances that all…


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Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger Karnaugh maps reduce larger logic designs. How large is large…


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Motor Control Circuits

Motor Control Circuits

The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…


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Digital Lab - 3-bit Binary Counter

Digital Lab - 3-bit Binary Counter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a 3-bit down counter using J-K flip-flops and learn about asynchronous counter functionality.


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Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs

Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs

The normal data inputs to a flip flop (D, S and R, or J and K) are…


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Polyphase Power Systems

Polyphase Power Systems

Explain the difference between a balanced polyphase system and an…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


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Active-mode Operation (BJT)

Active-mode Operation (BJT)

When a transistor is in the fully-off state (like an open switch), it…


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The Common-drain Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-drain Amplifier (IGFET)


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Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Specific resistance at 20o C:  Material Element/Alloy ohm-cmil/ft…


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Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Series and Parallel Component Equivalent Values

Series and Parallel Component Equivalent Values

Series and Parallel Resistances     Series and Parallel…


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Phase Rotation

Phase Rotation

Three-Phase Alternator Let’s take the three-phase alternator…


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Wire Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Wire Microstrip Impedance Calculator

A helpful tool for calculating the impedance of a wire microstrip.


Tools

Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computers can be powerful tools if used properly, especially in the…


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Signal Modulation

Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

AC Metrology

AC Metrology

In power distribution systems, it is very important to be able to…


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Voltage Multipliers (Doublers, Triplers, Quadruplers, and More)

Voltage Multipliers (Doublers, Triplers, Quadruplers, and More)

A voltage multiplier is a specialized rectifier circuit producing…


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Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


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Measurement Circuits

Measurement Circuits

Figure below shows a photodiode amplifier for measuring low levels of…


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Si Lab - A Simple BJT Current Mirror Circuit

Si Lab - A Simple BJT Current Mirror Circuit

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple current mirror using matched bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and learn about current mirror circuit limitations, the temperature dependence of BJTs, and thermal runaway.


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Voltage Regulation

Voltage Regulation

As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…


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AC Lab - Induction Motor

AC Lab - Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


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DC Bridge Circuits

DC Bridge Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit


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