All About Circuits

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Coax Impedance Calculator

Coax Impedance Calculator

A helpful tool for calculating the impedance of a coaxial cable.


Tools

Passive Filter Circuits

Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Research the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) guidelines on…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Mixed-Frequency Signals

Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

What does the acronym RF stand form, in reference to radio-related…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

When lightning strikes, nearby magnetic compass needles may be seen to…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

This calculator computes the noise figure and noise temperature in a system


Tools

Introduction to Digital Communication

Introduction to Digital Communication

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…


Textbook

Standing Waves and Resonance

Standing Waves and Resonance

Whenever there is a mismatch of impedance between transmission line…


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Peak Detector

Peak Detector

A peak detector is a series connection of a diode and a…


Textbook

Skin Depth Calculator

Skin Depth Calculator

A tool designed to calculate skin depth based on the conductive material being used and the frequency of the signal.


Tools

Radio Circuits

Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…


Textbook

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


Textbook

Network Topology

Network Topology

Point-to-Point Connecting two digital devices with a network, would…


Textbook

Friis Transmission Calculator

Friis Transmission Calculator

This calculator allows you to solve for any of the six variables in the Friis formula for RF transmission: transmitter power, transmitter gain, receiver power, receiver gain, frequency, or distance.


Tools

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Before we begin to explore the effects of resistors, inductors, and…


Textbook

Networks and Busses

Networks and Busses

The wires between the tank and the monitoring location is  called…


Textbook

Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…


Textbook

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Mutual Inductors

Mutual Inductors

Mutual inductors are inductors that capitalize the effect of mutual…


Textbook

Junction Field-effect Transistors

Junction Field-effect Transistors

The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…


Textbook

Electrons and “holes’’

Electrons and “holes’’

Pure semiconductors are relatively good insulators as compared with…


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Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

The Common-gate Amplifier (JFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (JFET)

RELATED WORKSHEETS: JFET Amplifiers Worksheet


Textbook

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a programmable non-inverting amplifier and learn how to use the negative feedback of an operational amplifier to control the gain.


Textbook

Capacitor Transient Response

Capacitor Transient Response

Because capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, they…


Textbook

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

This calculator determines the total path loss provided by an RF n-way power splitter.


Tools

The Gated S-R Latch

The Gated S-R Latch

It is sometimes useful in logic circuits to have a multivibrator which…


Textbook

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

The first, and perhaps most important, relationship between current,…


Textbook

Digital Lab - 3-bit Binary Counter

Digital Lab - 3-bit Binary Counter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a 3-bit down counter using J-K flip-flops and learn about asynchronous counter functionality.


Textbook

Vol III. Credits

Vol III. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Practical Power Factor Correction

Practical Power Factor Correction

When the need arises to correct for poor power factor in an AC power…


Textbook

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


Textbook

Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


Textbook

Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


Textbook

High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


Textbook

Basic Ammeter Use

Basic Ammeter Use

Show how this ammeter would be connected to the light bulb circuit to…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

DC Lab - Potentiometer Voltage Divider

DC Lab - Potentiometer Voltage Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use potentiometers to vary a voltage and learn about voltage divider ratios and potentiometer applications.


Textbook

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

As an instructor of electronics, I am called upon frequently to help…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Diode Ratings

Diode Ratings

In addition to forward voltage drop (Vf) and peak inverse voltage…


Textbook

Connectors

Connectors

An electrical connector, is an electro-mechanical device used to join…


Textbook

Si Lab - Intro to Discrete Semiconductor Circuits

Si Lab - Intro to Discrete Semiconductor Circuits

In these hands-on semiconductor electronics experiments, learn to build and test circuits using discrete silicon (Si) devices, including diodes and transistors. Also, learn important circuit designs, including rectifiers, current mirrors, amplifiers, and oscillators.


Textbook

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave bridge rectifier using silicon diodes and learn some of this circuit's advantages and disadvantages.


Textbook

Diodes

Diodes

A diode is an electronics component made from a combination of a…


Textbook

Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET)

Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET)

Note that the direction of the arrow at the gate indicates the…


Textbook

Binary Math Circuits

Binary Math Circuits

Add the following binary numbers:


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Complex Vector Addition

Complex Vector Addition

If vectors with uncommon angles are added, their magnitudes (lengths)…


Textbook

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

What does the acronym RF stand form, in reference to radio-related…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Battery Ratings

Battery Ratings

Because batteries create current flow in a circuit by exchanging…


Textbook

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


Textbook

Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


Textbook

Meter Check of a Diode

Meter Check of a Diode

The Functionality of Diode Polarity Being able to determine the…


Textbook

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

A chandelier has five light bulbs in it, and one of them is not…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Consider a circuit for a single-phase AC power system, where a 120…


Textbook

Analog Lab - Voltage Comparator

Analog Lab - Voltage Comparator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog voltage comparator circuit and learn how open-loop operational amplifiers function.


Textbook

Phase Rotation

Phase Rotation

Three-Phase Alternator Let’s take the three-phase alternator…


Textbook

Tachogenerators

Tachogenerators

An electromechanical generator is a device capable of producing…


Textbook