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Friis Transmission Calculator

Friis Transmission Calculator

This calculator allows you to solve for any of the six variables in the Friis formula for RF transmission: transmitter power, transmitter gain, receiver power, receiver gain, frequency, or distance.


Tools

Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


Textbook

Finite-length Transmission Lines

Finite-length Transmission Lines

A transmission line of infinite length is an interesting abstraction,…


Textbook

LC Tank Circuit Resonance Calculator

LC Tank Circuit Resonance Calculator

This calculator computes the resonant frequency of a parallel inductor and capacitor "tank" circuit.


Tools

Microstrip Max Current Calculator

Microstrip Max Current Calculator

A calculator for solving the maximum current a microstrip can handle.


Tools

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Before we begin to explore the effects of resistors, inductors, and…


Textbook

Electric Shock

Electric Shock

It is sometimes said regarding electrical safety that, Ït’s not the…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

In the chapter on mixed-frequency signals, we explored the concept of…


Textbook

VSWR / Return Loss Calculator

VSWR / Return Loss Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission line


Tools

Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

In order to work with complex numbers without drawing vectors, we…


Textbook

BJT Quirks

BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…


Textbook

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…


Textbook

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

When lightning strikes, nearby magnetic compass needles may be seen to…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Decibel Calculator

Decibel Calculator

This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.


Tools

Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


Textbook

Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

A calculator for solving the capacitance, reactance, and admittance of a capacitor.


Tools

Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the inductance of two parallel wires


Tools

Coax Inductance Calculator

Coax Inductance Calculator

A calculator for computing the inductance of a coaxial cable.


Tools

Mixed-Frequency Signals

Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Radio Circuits

Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…


Textbook

Transistor Ratings and Packages (IGFET)

Transistor Ratings and Packages (IGFET)


Textbook

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Capacitance

Capacitance

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Circuit Simplification Examples

Circuit Simplification Examples

Let’s begin with a semiconductor gate circuit in need of…


Textbook

Solving Series and Parallel Circuits With the Table Method and Ohm’s Law

Solving Series and Parallel Circuits With the Table Method and Ohm’s Law

The table method provides a structured methodology for ensuring you…


Textbook

Bandpass Filter Calculator

Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.


Tools

Synchronous Condenser

Synchronous Condenser

Synchronous motors load the power line with a leading power factor.…


Textbook

Amplifier Impedances

Amplifier Impedances

Input impedance varies considerably with the circuit configuration…


Textbook

Si Lab - Differential Amplifier

Si Lab - Differential Amplifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a BJT differential amplifier and learn about a fundamental building block that is the basis of most operational amplifiers.


Textbook

Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

This calculator gives the reactance and admittance of an inductor or the inductance given the reactance of an inductor


Tools

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

This page provides a step-by-step introduction to using the mesh…


Textbook

Electrical Isolation

Electrical Isolation

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…


Textbook

Passive Filter Circuits

Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Rectifying Diodes

Rectifying Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Superposition Theorem

Superposition Theorem

The superposition theorem is one of those strokes of genius that takes…


Textbook

AC Lab - Variable Inductor

AC Lab - Variable Inductor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a variable conductor and learn the impact of a metal core placed inside an inductor coil has on the inductance.


Textbook

Millman’s Theorem Revisited

Millman’s Theorem Revisited

You may have wondered where we got that strange equation for the…


Textbook

Network Topology

Network Topology

Point-to-Point Connecting two digital devices with a network, would…


Textbook

How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

When calculating the power dissipation of resistive components, we can…


Textbook

Si Lab - Multi-stage Amplifier

Si Lab - Multi-stage Amplifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, construct a three-stage common-emitter amplifier using bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and learn about multi-stage gain and feedback.


Textbook

Electron Tubes

Electron Tubes

Cathode:   This is the electrode that is heated and emits the…


Textbook

Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

JFET Amplifiers

JFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

By now you should be well aware of the correlation between electrical…


Textbook

Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


Textbook

Thyristors

Thyristors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an S-R latch using two NOR gates and learn how this type of digital memory operates, including invalid states, race conditions, and the effects of output loading.


Textbook

Resistor Color Codes

Resistor Color Codes

Try out our Resistor Color Code Calculator in our Tools section.…


Textbook

Active Filters

Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Elementary Circuits

Elementary Circuits

In the simplest terms you can think of, define what an electrical…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Circuit Effects

Circuit Effects

The principle of non-sinusoidal, repeating waveforms being equivalent…


Textbook

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.


Textbook

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


Textbook

Factors Affecting Inductance

Factors Affecting Inductance

There are four basic factors of inductor construction determining the…


Textbook

The Cascode Amplifier

The Cascode Amplifier

While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…


Textbook

BJT Quirks

BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…


Textbook

Superposition Theorem

Superposition Theorem

The superposition theorem is one of those strokes of genius that takes…


Textbook

Bridge Circuits

Bridge Circuits

No text on electrical metering could be called complete without a…


Textbook

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF