All About Circuits

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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


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Bandpass Filter Calculator

Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.


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Power Added Efficiency Calculator

Power Added Efficiency Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the power-added efficiency (PAE) of an amplifier


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Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Research the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) guidelines on…


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Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Resonance in a Tank Circuit A condition of resonance will be…


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Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator

Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator

This tool calculates the dimensions of the microstrip patch antenna given the desired operating frequency.


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Mixed-Frequency Signals

Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

This calculator gives the reactance and admittance of an inductor or the inductance given the reactance of an inductor


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Network Topology

Network Topology

Point-to-Point Connecting two digital devices with a network, would…


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What is Network Analysis?

What is Network Analysis?

The basic application of Ohm’s law to combinations of series and…


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Passive Filter Circuits

Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…


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ElectroStatic Discharge

ElectroStatic Discharge

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…


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Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

A calculator for solving the capacitance, reactance, and admittance of a capacitor.


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Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

In the chapter on mixed-frequency signals, we explored the concept of…


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Absolute dB scales

Absolute dB scales

Decibel as Absolute Unit of Power It is also possible to use the…


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Power Density Calculator

Power Density Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the power density of an antenna


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Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


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Optical Data Communication

Optical Data Communication

A modern alternative to sending (binary) digital information via…


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Band Theory of Solids

Band Theory of Solids

Quantum physics describes the states of electrons in an atom according…


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VSWR / Return Loss Calculator

VSWR / Return Loss Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission line


Tools

DC Branch Current Analysis

DC Branch Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test a 2-input digital NAND gate with LED indicators and learn to read pinout diagrams, power a digital IC, connect unused inputs and outputs, and use pulldown resistors.


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Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

Shown here is a simplified representation of an atom: the smallest…


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Early Tube History

Early Tube History

Thomas Edison, that prolific American inventor, is often credited with…


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Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…


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AC Lab - Signal and Noise Coupling

AC Lab - Signal and Noise Coupling

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, power a DC motor through a multi-conductor cable to learn how AC signals are coupled between conductors and how to mitigate noise coupling.


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Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Safe Circuit Design

Safe Circuit Design

As we saw earlier, a power system with no secure connection to earth…


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BJT Quirks

BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…


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Lock-out / Tag-out

Lock-out / Tag-out

In this motor control circuit, how would you ensure that there is no…


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The TRIAC

The TRIAC

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…


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N-Way Power Divider Calculator

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

This calculator determines the total path loss provided by an RF n-way power splitter.


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Practical Considerations - Transformers

Practical Considerations - Transformers

Power Capacity As has already been observed, transformers must be well…


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JFET Biasing Techniques

JFET Biasing Techniques

Using an example, learn about the different bias techniques for junction field effect transistors (JFETs) like the constant voltage bias, self-bias configuration, and voltage divider biasing.


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Divided Feedback

Divided Feedback

If we add a voltage divider to the negative feedback wiring so that…


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Switches

Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


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Boolean Arithmetic

Boolean Arithmetic

Let us begin our exploration of Boolean algebra by adding numbers…


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Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for a non-inverting Op-Amp


Tools

Memory with moving parts: “Drives”

Memory with moving parts: “Drives”

The earliest forms of digital data storage involving moving parts was…


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Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


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Complex Circuits

Complex Circuits

What do we do if we come across a circuit more complex than the simple…


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Low-pass Filters

Low-pass Filters

By definition, a low-pass filter is a circuit offering easy passage to…


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555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test mixed-signal analog and digital circuits using the versatile 555 timer IC. These projects will teach you about RC time constants, duty cycle, transistor current drive, LEDs, voltage doublers, and more.


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Magnetism

Magnetism

A permanent magnet is a device that retains a magnetic field without…


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Digital Lab - 3-bit Binary Counter

Digital Lab - 3-bit Binary Counter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a 3-bit down counter using J-K flip-flops and learn about asynchronous counter functionality.


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Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies

Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies

Perhaps the most ingenious technique was that of the delay line. A…


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Introduction to Electron Tubes

Introduction to Electron Tubes

An often neglected area of study in modern electronics is that of…


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Phase Rotation

Phase Rotation

Three-Phase Alternator Let’s take the three-phase alternator…


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History of SPICE

History of SPICE

SPICE is a computer program designed to simulate analog electronic…


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Sequences

Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…


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Square Wave Signals

Square Wave Signals

It has been found that any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform can be…


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Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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Battery Construction

Battery Construction

The word battery simply means a group of similar components. In…


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RMS Voltage Calculator

RMS Voltage Calculator

This calculator calculates the RMS Voltage value from either the peak voltage, the peak-to-peak voltage, or the average voltage.


Tools

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

This calculator will compute the required resistor ratio (R2/R1) and reference voltage (VREF) to create the desired high (VTH) and low (VTL) threshold voltages in a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis (commonly called a Schmitt trigger).


Tools

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

In this electrical circuit, trace the direction of current through the…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF

Energy, Work, and Power

Energy, Work, and Power

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


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Decibel Measurements

Decibel Measurements

During the early development of telephone technology, a unit was…


Worksheets - Wireless/RF