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Elementary Amplifier Theory

Elementary Amplifier Theory

Fundamentally, an amplifier is a device that takes in a low-power…


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Ammeter Design

Ammeter Design

Ammeters Measure Electrical Current A meter designed to measure…


Textbook

Component Modeling

Component Modeling

When plotted on a curve tracer, the characteristic curve for a normal…


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Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge cannot be solved using simple series…


Textbook

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

As an instructor of electronics, I am called upon frequently to help…


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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


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The Pentode

The Pentode

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…


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Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.


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The Shockley Diode

The Shockley Diode

Our exploration of thyristors begins with a device called the…


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Autotransformers

Autotransformers

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…


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Parallel R, L, and C

Parallel R, L, and C

We can take the same components from the series circuit and rearrange…


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Time Constant Calculations

Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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What Are Zener Diodes?

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…


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Averager and Summer Circuits

Averager and Summer Circuits

If we take three equal resistors and connect one end of each to a…


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Series and Parallel Inductors

Series and Parallel Inductors

When inductors are connected in series, the total inductance is the…


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Differentiator and Integrator Circuits

Differentiator and Integrator Circuits

By introducing electrical reactance into the feedback loops of an…


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BJT Quirks

BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…


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Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic. Released under the Creative Commons…


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The DIAC

The DIAC

Like all diodes, Shockley diodes are unidirectional devices; that is,…


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Voltage and Current

Voltage and Current

As was previously mentioned, we need more than just a continuous path…


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Systems of Numeration

Systems of Numeration

Roman Numerals The Romans devised a system that was a substantial…


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Phase Rotation

Phase Rotation

Three-Phase Alternator Let’s take the three-phase alternator…


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Voltage Regulation

Voltage Regulation

As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…


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Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers

The Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC, was invented in the late…


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Design Project: Event Counter

Design Project: Event Counter

If your event sensing switch is mechanical in nature, you will likely…


Worksheets - Analog

EIRP Calculator

EIRP Calculator

A helpful tool for computing the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of an antenna


Tools

Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Learn about junction field effect transistors (JFETs), their equations, and how to model and simulate JFETs in LTspice.


Textbook

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


Worksheets - Analog

Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

A calculator for solving the capacitance, reactance, and admittance of a capacitor.


Tools

Resistors

Resistors

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…


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The Tetrode

The Tetrode

As the name suggests, the tetrode tube contains four elements: cathode…


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Data - Resistance & Superconductor

Data - Resistance & Superconductor

Tables of specific resistance and temperature coefficient of…


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Delta and Wye 3-Phase Circuits

Delta and Wye 3-Phase Circuits

Label where each of the following electrical quantities would be found…


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Resistors

Resistors

Because the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in…


Textbook

Shock Current Path

Shock Current Path

As we’ve already learned, electricity requires a complete path…


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Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Before we begin to explore the effects of resistors, inductors, and…


Textbook

Design Project: Telegraph System

Design Project: Telegraph System

What voltage will you choose to use for each of the station batteries?


Worksheets - Analog

Series and Parallel Capacitors

Series and Parallel Capacitors

When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is…


Textbook

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for a non-inverting Op-Amp


Tools

Calculating Power Factor

Calculating Power Factor

As was mentioned before, the angle of this “power…


Textbook

Safe Practices

Safe Practices

If at all possible, shut off the power to a circuit before performing…


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Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Suppose you were installing a high-power stereo system in your car,…


Worksheets - Analog

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…


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Electric Shock Data

Electric Shock Data

The table of electric currents and their various bodily effects was…


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Other Diode Technologies

Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…


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Transistor Biasing Calculations

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Although transistor switching circuits operate without bias, it is…


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Resistance

Resistance

The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In…


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Negative Binary Numbers

Negative Binary Numbers

With addition being easily accomplished, we can perform the operation…


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555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer IC and learn about RC time constant charging and how a one-shot timer operates.


Textbook

Friis Transmission Calculator

Friis Transmission Calculator

This calculator allows you to solve for any of the six variables in the Friis formula for RF transmission: transmitter power, transmitter gain, receiver power, receiver gain, frequency, or distance.


Tools

Mutual Inductance

Mutual Inductance

If two coils of wire are brought into close proximity with each other…


Textbook

Electrical Signal Types

Electrical Signal Types

With BogusBus, our signals were very simple and straightforward: each…


Textbook

Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

A calculator for computing the gain and output voltage of an operational amplifier


Tools

What is the Relationship Between Conductance and Resistance?

What is the Relationship Between Conductance and Resistance?

The concept and measurement units of resistance are most often used…


Textbook

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Analog

Junction Field-effect Transistors

Junction Field-effect Transistors

The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…


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DC Metrology

DC Metrology

Define the following metrological terms: • Uncertainty • Accuracy…


Worksheets - Analog

Algebraic Equation Manipulation for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Equation Manipulation for Electric Circuits

The electrical resistance of a conductor at any temperature may be…


Worksheets - Analog

Coax Inductance Calculator

Coax Inductance Calculator

A calculator for computing the inductance of a coaxial cable.


Tools