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In DC and low-frequency AC circuits, the characteristic impedance of…
Textbook
Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…
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In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, use the frequency spectrum display from an oscilloscope program to observe waveforms from a musical keyboard and learn about spectral analysis.
Textbook
Suppose you were installing a high-power stereo system in your car,…
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When lightning strikes, nearby magnetic compass needles may be seen to…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build an astable multivibrator (oscillator) circuit that provides an output in the audio frequency range and learn the effect of component values and supply voltage on oscillation frequency.
Textbook
In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an AC voltage source connected to speakers to learn about sound waves and the foundational principle used in noise cancelling headphones.
Textbook
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Worksheets - Audio
In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator using a 555 timer and learn the theory of operation of the 555 timer when configured as an astable multivibrator.
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If some percentage of an amplifier’s output signal is connected…
Textbook
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.
Textbook
What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…
Textbook
It has been found that any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform can be…
Textbook
This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.
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In an ideal case, an inductor acts as a purely reactive device. That…
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The Voltage Gain Because amplifiers have the ability to increase the…
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Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…
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Radio waves are comprised of oscillating electric and magnetic fields,…
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Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
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The choice of step-down transformers to use in a project such as this…
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When calculating the power dissipation of resistive components, we can…
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Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…
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To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.
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A very useful tool for observing rotating objects is a strobe light.…
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A technician uses a stroboscope to “freeze” the rotation of a…
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Ampacities of copper wire, in free air at 30o C: INSULATION TYPE…
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When inductors are connected in series, the total inductance is the…
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This calculator is useful for calculating the luminous flux for LEDs where the angle is known.
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As was stated in the last chapter, there is more than one type of…
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Identify which trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, or tangent) are…
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Introduction This third volume of the book series Lessons In Electric…
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This calculator helps you determine the values of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used for a T-pad attenuator.
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Identify which direction each potentiometer wiper must move in this…
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Serial-in, serial-out shift registers delay data by one clock time for…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.
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Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…
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(Template)
Worksheets - Audio
Introduction Whenever an electric voltage exists between two separated…
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A Link Budget puts into account all gains and losses a signal goes through in a system as it is transmitted. The calculator calculates the power of the received signal given amplifier and antenna gains, and medium loss.
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Solving for x in a given polynomial equation “ax2 + bx + c…
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Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…
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The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a…
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This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.
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As we’ve already learned, electricity requires a complete path…
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A calculator for computing the inductance of a coaxial cable.
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Shaded Pole Induction Motor An easy way to provide starting torque to…
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The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was named because its operation…
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The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…
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Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…
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Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…
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