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Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Finite State Machines

Finite State Machines

Up to now, every circuit that was presented was a combinatorial…


Textbook

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Serial-out

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Serial-out

Serial-in, serial-out shift registers delay data by one clock time for…


Textbook

Shift Registers

Shift Registers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Processors

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


Textbook

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


Textbook

Digital Display Circuits

Digital Display Circuits

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…


Worksheets - Processors

Introduction to Shift Registers

Introduction to Shift Registers

Shift registers, like counters, are a form of sequential…


Textbook

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…


Textbook

Fail-safe Design

Fail-safe Design

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…


Textbook

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


Textbook

Full-Adder

Full-Adder

The half-adder is extremely useful until you want to add more than one…


Textbook

Negative Binary Numbers

Negative Binary Numbers

With addition being easily accomplished, we can perform the operation…


Textbook

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-only memory (ROM) is similar in design to static or dynamic RAM…


Textbook

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

At first it may seem pointless to have the four buffer gates following…


Worksheets - Processors

Time-delay Relays

Time-delay Relays

What are Time-Delay Relays? Some relays are constructed with a kind of…


Textbook

Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an edge-triggered S-R flip-flop, learn the difference between a latch and a flip-flop, and experience how a switch bounce can cause logic errors.


Textbook

Basic Logic Gates

Basic Logic Gates

Identify the type of logic gate shown in this schematic diagram, and…


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Successive Approximation ADC

Successive Approximation ADC

One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is…


Textbook

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer IC and learn about RC time constant charging and how a one-shot timer operates.


Textbook

Diode Switching Circuits

Diode Switching Circuits

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…


Textbook

Digital Logic Signals

Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…


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Digital Memory Terms and Concepts

Digital Memory Terms and Concepts

When we store information in some kind of circuit or device, we not…


Textbook

Introduction to Digital-Analog Conversion

Introduction to Digital-Analog Conversion

Connecting digital circuitry to sensor devices is simple if the sensor…


Textbook

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…


Textbook

Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

What Is an XOR Gate? One element conspicuously missing from the set of…


Textbook

Encoders and Decoders

Encoders and Decoders

What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…


Worksheets - Processors

Why digital?

Why digital?

Although many textbooks provide good introductions to digital memory…


Textbook

Optical Data Communication

Optical Data Communication

A modern alternative to sending (binary) digital information via…


Textbook

Capacitive Reactance

Capacitive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…


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Microwave Tubes

Microwave Tubes

For extremely high-frequency applications (above 1 GHz), the…


Textbook

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Suppose you were installing a high-power stereo system in your car,…


Worksheets - Processors

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


Textbook

Digital Communication

Digital Communication

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Processors

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


Tools

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

A helpful analogy for understanding divided feedback amplifier…


Textbook

DC Lab - An Analog Computer For Averaging

DC Lab - An Analog Computer For Averaging

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a simple circuit that computes the average of voltages and learn about analog computers and their application.


Textbook

Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


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Introduction to Combinational Logic Functions

Introduction to Combinational Logic Functions

The term “combinational” comes to us from mathematics. In…


Textbook

Intro Lab - Nonlinear Resistance

Intro Lab - Nonlinear Resistance

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will compare the resistance of a lamp filament in its on and off states and learn about nonlinear resistances by applying Ohm's law.


Textbook

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use a potentiometer as a variable resistor to control the speed of a motor and learn how to connect a potentiometer as a rheostat.


Textbook

Square Wave Signals

Square Wave Signals

It has been found that any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform can be…


Textbook

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

By now you should be well aware of the correlation between electrical…


Textbook

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Voltage is commonly defined as “electrical pressure.” The unit of…


Worksheets - Processors

Radicals

Radicals

Definition of a Radical Given the expression where “x” is…


Textbook

Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Wire-by-Number project: simple voltage divider Description: Build a…


Worksheets - Processors

Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


Worksheets - Processors