All About Circuits

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Amplifiers

Amplifiers

Practical Benefit of Active Devices The practical benefit of active…


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Wire Types and Sizes

Wire Types and Sizes

Most electrical wire is covered in a rubber or plastic coating called…


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Elementary Amplifier Theory

Elementary Amplifier Theory

Fundamentally, an amplifier is a device that takes in a low-power…


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Optoelectronic Devices

Optoelectronic Devices

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…


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AC phase

AC phase

If we were to express the series-connected DC voltages as phasors…


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Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


Textbook

Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test a 2-input digital NAND gate with LED indicators and learn to read pinout diagrams, power a digital IC, connect unused inputs and outputs, and use pulldown resistors.


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Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…


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Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

A chandelier has five light bulbs in it, and one of them is not…


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AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


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Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a pulse-width modulator power controller for a light and learn the basics of PWM signals.


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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Resistors

Resistors

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…


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Basic Logic Gates

Basic Logic Gates

Identify the type of logic gate shown in this schematic diagram, and…


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Timer Circuits

Timer Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Measurements of AC Magnitude

Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…


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Safety Grounding

Safety Grounding

In simple AC power systems, one of the two conductors is typically…


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Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage…


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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


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CMOS Gate Circuitry

CMOS Gate Circuitry

Up until this point, our analysis of transistor logic circuits has…


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DC Mesh Current Analysis

DC Mesh Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Band-pass Filters

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…


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SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…


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Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


Textbook

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric strength in kilovolts per inch (kV/in): Material*…


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Tube Parameters

Tube Parameters

For bipolar junction transistors, the fundamental measure of…


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555 Timer Monostable Circuit Calculator

555 Timer Monostable Circuit Calculator

This calculator computes for the output pulse width of a 555 timer monostable circuit


Tools

Averager and Summer Circuits

Averager and Summer Circuits

If we take three equal resistors and connect one end of each to a…


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Counter Modulus

Counter Modulus

Incomplete


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DeMorgan’s Theorems

DeMorgan’s Theorems

A mathematician named DeMorgan developed a pair of important rules…


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Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave bridge rectifier using silicon diodes and learn some of this circuit's advantages and disadvantages.


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Special-output Gates

Special-output Gates

Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…


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CMOS Gate Circuitry

CMOS Gate Circuitry

Up until this point, our analysis of transistor logic circuits has…


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Parallel Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Parallel Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Using the same value components in our series example circuit, we will…


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Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

A very useful tool for observing rotating objects is a strobe light.…


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Unit Conversion Calculator

Unit Conversion Calculator

Convert to and from different units of length, weight, power, temperature and torque


Tools

Linear Computational Circuitry

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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DIY EE Lab - Introduction to Electronics Projects

DIY EE Lab - Introduction to Electronics Projects

To learn about electronics, you must eventually engage in hands-on experimentation. Knowledge gleaned from books alone has limited use in scientific endeavors. Troubleshooting a circuit can be as important as the knowledge gained from a properly functioning experiment.


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Timer Circuits

Timer Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Capacitor Impedance Calculator

Capacitor Impedance Calculator

This tool calculates a capacitor's reactance for a given capacitance value and signal frequency.


Tools

DC Lab - Rate-of-change Indicator

DC Lab - Rate-of-change Indicator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog differentiator circuit that outputs a signal proportional to the rate-of-change and learn about one of the advantages of analog circuits.


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Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…


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Voltage Divider Circuits

Voltage Divider Circuits

Let’s analyze a simple series circuit and determine the voltage…


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Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

This calculator computes the noise figure and noise temperature in a system


Tools

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage…


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Tube Parameters

Tube Parameters

For bipolar junction transistors, the fundamental measure of…


Textbook

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.


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Design Project: Intercom System

Design Project: Intercom System

Design a passive circuit that will create a "split” ( V/-V) power…


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Time Constant Circuits

Time Constant Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


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Parallel Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Parallel Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Using the same value components in our series example circuit, we will…


Textbook

AC Lab - Frequency Analysis

AC Lab - Frequency Analysis

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, use the frequency spectrum display from an oscilloscope program to observe waveforms from a musical keyboard and learn about spectral analysis.


Textbook

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.


Textbook

Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

How is it possible to assign a fixed value of voltage or current (such…


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Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…


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SPICE Models

SPICE Models

The SPICE circuit simulation program provides for modeling diodes in…


Textbook

Simple Vector Addition

Simple Vector Addition

Remember that vectors are mathematical objects just like numbers on a…


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Noise Figure Calculator

Noise Figure Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the noise figure of cascaded amplifiers


Tools

Capacitor Types

Capacitor Types

A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that…


Textbook

Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


Textbook