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Electrical Conduction in Semiconductors

Electrical Conduction in Semiconductors

In any electrically conductive substance, what are charge carriers?…


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AC Generator Theory

AC Generator Theory

If an electric current is passed through this wire, which direction…


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Power in Electric Circuits

Power in Electric Circuits

In addition to voltage and current, there is another important…


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IGBTs

IGBTs

Because of their insulated gates, IGFETs of all types have extremely…


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Si Lab - A Simple BJT Current Mirror Circuit

Si Lab - A Simple BJT Current Mirror Circuit

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple current mirror using matched bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and learn about current mirror circuit limitations, the temperature dependence of BJTs, and thermal runaway.


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Node Voltage Method

Node Voltage Method

The node voltage method of DC network analysis solves for unknown…


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Wire Types and Sizes

Wire Types and Sizes

Most electrical wire is covered in a rubber or plastic coating called…


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Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Regulated Power Sources

Regulated Power Sources

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Standing Waves and Resonance

Standing Waves and Resonance

Whenever there is a mismatch of impedance between transmission line…


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Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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Special Diodes

Special Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Low-pass Filters

Low-pass Filters

By definition, a low-pass filter is a circuit offering easy passage to…


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Stripline Max Current Calculator

Stripline Max Current Calculator

A calculator designed to calculate the maximum current that a stripline can handle


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Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


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AC phase

AC phase

If we were to express the series-connected DC voltages as phasors…


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Voltage Regulation

Voltage Regulation

As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…


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Resistors

Resistors

Because the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in…


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Introduction to SPICE

Introduction to SPICE

“With Electronics Workbench, you can create circuit schematics…


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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AC Phase

AC Phase

Things start to get complicated when we need to relate two or more AC…


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Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


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Electrical Noise and Interference

Electrical Noise and Interference

Define what noise means, in the electrical sense of the word. How does…


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Switches

Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


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Hyperbolic Functions

Hyperbolic Functions

Note: all angles (x) must be expressed in units of radians for these…


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Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


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Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger Karnaugh maps reduce larger logic designs. How large is large…


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DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.


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Si Lab - Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

Si Lab - Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple DC voltage regulator circuit and learn how to use reverse-biased Zener diodes as voltage clamps.


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Basic identities

Basic identities

Additive Identity a + 0 = a Multiplicative Identity 1a = a…


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The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


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Four-Channel Audio Mixer

Four-Channel Audio Mixer

A very common misconception students have about potentiometers is the…


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Bandpass Filter Calculator

Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.


Tools

Flash ADC

Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…


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Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Circuits and the Speed of Light

Circuits and the Speed of Light

Suppose we had a simple one-battery, one-lamp circuit controlled by a…


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Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

In designing digital circuits, the designer often begins with a truth…


Textbook

Wire Self Inductance Calculator

Wire Self Inductance Calculator

This calculator will help compute the inductance of a length of wire.


Tools

Design Project: DC Voltage Regulator

Design Project: DC Voltage Regulator

It may seem difficult to even start on a project such as this, with no…


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Rules for Limits

Rules for Limits

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…


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AC Bridge Circuits

AC Bridge Circuits

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…


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The “Operational” Amplifier

The “Operational” Amplifier

Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers…


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Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

A very useful tool for observing rotating objects is a strobe light.…


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True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

Reactive Power We know that reactive loads such as inductors and…


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Derivatives of Power Functions of e

Derivatives of Power Functions of e

Example Derivatives of e Proportionality Constant When we say that a…


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Likely Failures in Proven Systems

Likely Failures in Proven Systems

The following problems are arranged in order from most likely to least…


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Electron Versus Conventional Flow

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

In this electrical circuit, trace the direction of current through the…


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Transistor Ratings and Packages (JFET)

Transistor Ratings and Packages (JFET)


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AC Lab - Variable Inductor

AC Lab - Variable Inductor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a variable conductor and learn the impact of a metal core placed inside an inductor coil has on the inductance.


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Meter Check of a Diode

Meter Check of a Diode

The Functionality of Diode Polarity Being able to determine the…


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Current Divider Circuits

Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The Gated S-R Latch

The Gated S-R Latch

It is sometimes useful in logic circuits to have a multivibrator which…


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Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Learn about junction field effect transistors (JFETs), their equations, and how to model and simulate JFETs in LTspice.


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ElectroStatic Discharge

ElectroStatic Discharge

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…


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Si Lab - JFET Switching Circuit and Static Electricity Sensor

Si Lab - JFET Switching Circuit and Static Electricity Sensor

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) to build a sensitive switching circuit and learn about JFET current gain.


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Sum and Product Notation

Sum and Product Notation

For reference, this section introduces the terminology used in some…


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