All About Circuits

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Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…


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Power Quality Measurement

Power Quality Measurement

It used to be with large AC power systems that “power…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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Negative Feedback

Negative Feedback

If we connect the output of an op-amp to its inverting input and apply…


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Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.


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Sources of Electricity

Sources of Electricity

What is the difference between DC and AC electricity? Identify some…


Worksheets - Power

Autotransformers

Autotransformers

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…


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DC Bridge Circuits

DC Bridge Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Simple Circuits

Simple Circuits

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…


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Component Modeling

Component Modeling

When plotted on a curve tracer, the characteristic curve for a normal…


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Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

This page provides a step-by-step introduction to using the mesh…


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DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


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Design Project: DC Voltage Regulator

Design Project: DC Voltage Regulator

It may seem difficult to even start on a project such as this, with no…


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Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…


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Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…


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Capacitance

Capacitance

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


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Time Constant Calculations

Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Ohm’s Law (again!)

Ohm’s Law (again!)

A common phrase heard in reference to electrical safety goes something…


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IGBTs

IGBTs

Because of their insulated gates, IGFETs of all types have extremely…


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Waveguide Calculator (Rectangular)

Waveguide Calculator (Rectangular)

This tool calculates the cutoff frequency of a rectangular waveguide


Tools

Contributors (15)

Contributors (15)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


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Introduction to Complex Numbers

Introduction to Complex Numbers

If I needed to describe the distance between two cities, I could…


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Conductors and Insulators

Conductors and Insulators

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


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Si Lab - Simple Op Amp

Si Lab - Simple Op Amp

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a custom operational amplifier (op amp) and learn about the application of current mirrors and the use of negative feedback in op amp circuits.


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Reflection Attenuator Calculator

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the value of resistance R1 in a reflection attenuator.


Tools

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.


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AC Metrology

AC Metrology

In power distribution systems, it is very important to be able to…


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Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator using a 555 timer and learn the theory of operation of the 555 timer when configured as an astable multivibrator.


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Digital-to-Analog Conversion

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…


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Beam Power Tubes

Beam Power Tubes

In the beam power tube, the basic four-element structure of the…


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Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

In the chapter on mixed-frequency signals, we explored the concept of…


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Safe Circuit Design

Safe Circuit Design

As we saw earlier, a power system with no secure connection to earth…


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Power Sources

Power Sources

There are many different types of power sources, and here some of the…


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DC Metrology

DC Metrology

Define the following metrological terms: • Uncertainty • Accuracy…


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Trace Resistance Calculator

Trace Resistance Calculator

This calculator determines the resistance of a microstrip trace


Tools

Design Project: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Design Project: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

What, exactly, is an arbitrary waveform generator, and for what…


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DC Lab - Potentiometer Voltage Divider

DC Lab - Potentiometer Voltage Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use potentiometers to vary a voltage and learn about voltage divider ratios and potentiometer applications.


Textbook

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


Tools

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…


Textbook

Clamper Circuits

Clamper Circuits

The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…


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Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Microphones

Microphones

Explain how a moving-coil, or dynamic microphone works. Identify how…


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Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


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AC Lab - Induction Motor

AC Lab - Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


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Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…


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Reluctance Motor

Reluctance Motor

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…


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Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…


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Intro Lab - Ohm’s Law

Intro Lab - Ohm’s Law

Project Overview This project employs all of the skills…


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Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave bridge rectifier using silicon diodes and learn some of this circuit's advantages and disadvantages.


Textbook

Analog Lab - 555 Ramp Signal Generator

Analog Lab - 555 Ramp Signal Generator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, construct a signal generator circuit that creates two different types of ramp signals and learn how capacitors charge when connected to resistors and constant current sources.


Textbook

Trigonometric Derivatives

Trigonometric Derivatives

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…


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DC Lab - Potentiometric Voltmeter

DC Lab - Potentiometric Voltmeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a null-balancing potentiometric voltmeter and learn how to prevent a voltmeter from changing the voltage it is measuring.


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Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Because binary numeration requires so many bits to represent…


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Ohmmeter Design

Ohmmeter Design

Though mechanical ohmmeter (resistance meter) designs are rarely used…


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The Command-line Interface

The Command-line Interface

If you’ve used DOS or UNIX operating systems before in a…


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