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Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

This calculator computes for the capacitor charge time and energy, given the supply voltage and the added series resistance.


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Electrical Connections

Electrical Connections

What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between…


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DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.


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Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…


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Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

As an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, it creates a…


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Voltage Signal Systems

Voltage Signal Systems

The use of variable voltage for instrumentation signals seems a rather…


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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


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AC Lab - Variable Inductor

AC Lab - Variable Inductor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a variable conductor and learn the impact of a metal core placed inside an inductor coil has on the inductance.


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Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


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Electrical Energy Calculator

Electrical Energy Calculator

This calculator will determine the instantaneous energy, sustained energy, and power consumed by an electrical system given two of the three electrical parameters (voltage, current, or resistance) and the time.


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High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Digital-to-Analog Conversion

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


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Si Lab - Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

Si Lab - Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple DC voltage regulator circuit and learn how to use reverse-biased Zener diodes as voltage clamps.


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Inductors

Inductors

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! A 5 H inductor is subjected to an electric…


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Circuits and the Speed of Light

Circuits and the Speed of Light

Suppose we had a simple one-battery, one-lamp circuit controlled by a…


Textbook

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a resistive voltage divider and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


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Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

A very useful tool for observing rotating objects is a strobe light.…


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Elementary Amplifier Theory

Elementary Amplifier Theory

Fundamentally, an amplifier is a device that takes in a low-power…


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Gate Universality

Gate Universality

NAND and NOR gates possess a special property: they are universal.…


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Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

There are two basic Ohm’s Law equations: one relating voltage,…


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Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic. Released under the Creative Commons…


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Voltage and Current Calculations

Voltage and Current Calculations

There’s a sure way to calculate any of the values in a reactive…


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Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

Circuits consisting of just one battery and one load resistance are…


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AC Circuit Equations

AC Circuit Equations

Inductive Reactance     Capacitive Reactance    …


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Hand Calculator Use

Hand Calculator Use

To enter numbers in scientific notation into a hand calculator, there…


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Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


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Strain Gauges

Strain Gauges

If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier…


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Resistors

Resistors

Because the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in…


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Band-stop Filters

Band-stop Filters

How to Create a Band-stop Filter? Also called band-elimination,…


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Contributors (9)

Contributors (9)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Other Specialized Motors

Other Specialized Motors

Shaded Pole Induction Motor An easy way to provide starting torque to…


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Inductor Voltage and Current Relationship

Inductor Voltage and Current Relationship

Inductors do not have a stable “resistance” as conductors…


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Safe Practices

Safe Practices

If at all possible, shut off the power to a circuit before performing…


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Stripline Max Current Calculator

Stripline Max Current Calculator

A calculator designed to calculate the maximum current that a stripline can handle


Tools

Analysis Options

Analysis Options

AC ANALYSIS: General form: .ac [curve] [points] [start] [final]…


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Connectors

Connectors

An electrical connector, is an electro-mechanical device used to join…


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555 Timer Astable Oscillator Circuit

555 Timer Astable Oscillator Circuit

In an astable circuit, the output voltage alternates between VCC and 0 volts on a continuous basis. This calculator will help you design an oscillator using a 555 timer IC.


Tools

Logic Simplification With Karnaugh Maps

Logic Simplification With Karnaugh Maps

The logic simplification examples that we have done so far could have…


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Electrical Isolation

Electrical Isolation

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…


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Common Sources of Hazard

Common Sources of Hazard

Of course, there is a danger of electrical shock when directly…


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Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…


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Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law

For a given amount of water pressure, which will flow a greater rate…


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Basic Logic Gates

Basic Logic Gates

Identify the type of logic gate shown in this schematic diagram, and…


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Making a Venn Diagram Look Like a Karnaugh Map

Making a Venn Diagram Look Like a Karnaugh Map

Starting with circle A in a rectangular A’ universe in figure…


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Metric Prefixes and Unit Conversions

Metric Prefixes and Unit Conversions

Metric Prefixes   Yotta = 1024 Symbol: Y Zetta = 1021 Symbol: Z…


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Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


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Building Series-Parallel Resistor Circuits

Building Series-Parallel Resistor Circuits

Once again, when building battery/resistor circuits, the student or…


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Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Networks and Busses

Networks and Busses

The wires between the tank and the monitoring location is  called…


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Transistor Biasing Calculations

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Although transistor switching circuits operate without bias, it is…


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Node Voltage Method

Node Voltage Method

The node voltage method of DC network analysis solves for unknown…


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Overcurrent Protection

Overcurrent Protection

What hazards might be posed by a circuit with excessive current going…


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Time Constant Calculations

Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Factorials

Factorials

Definition of a Factorial Denoted by the symbol “!” after…


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Voltage Divider Circuits

Voltage Divider Circuits

Let’s analyze a simple series circuit and determine the voltage…


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Transistors, Hybrid

Transistors, Hybrid

In essence, the IGFET controls the base current of a BJT, which…


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