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Example Circuits and Netlists

Example Circuits and Netlists

The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…


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Protective Relays

Protective Relays

A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…


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The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…


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Other Diode Technologies

Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…


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Flyback Switch Mode Regulator Calculator

Flyback Switch Mode Regulator Calculator

A calculator for computing several parameters needed in the design of a flyback switch mode regulator


Tools

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…


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Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


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Electromechanical Relay Logic

Electromechanical Relay Logic

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…


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Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


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Superposition Theorem

Superposition Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


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Power Quality Measurement

Power Quality Measurement

It used to be with large AC power systems that “power…


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Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Some Examples with AC Circuits

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

A chandelier has five light bulbs in it, and one of them is not…


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Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


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Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

In the chapter on mixed-frequency signals, we explored the concept of…


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Impedance

Impedance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Conductor Ampacity

Conductor Ampacity

The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater…


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Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

The purpose of the parallel-in/ parallel-out shift register is to take…


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Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


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What is a Filter?

What is a Filter?

It is sometimes desirable to have circuits capable of selectively…


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Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


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Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

The invention of the bipolar transistor in 1948 ushered in a…


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Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


Tools

PN Junctions

PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


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Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


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Other Diode Technologies

Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…


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Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…


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Energy, Work, and Power

Energy, Work, and Power

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


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Negative Feedback

Negative Feedback

If we connect the output of an op-amp to its inverting input and apply…


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Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an S-R latch using two NOR gates and learn how this type of digital memory operates, including invalid states, race conditions, and the effects of output loading.


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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


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Digital-to-Analog Conversion

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…


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Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Delta and Wye 3-Phase Circuits

Delta and Wye 3-Phase Circuits

Label where each of the following electrical quantities would be found…


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JFET Amplifiers

JFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Shift Registers: Serial-in, Serial-out

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Serial-out

Serial-in, serial-out shift registers delay data by one clock time for…


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Practical Considerations - Batteries

Practical Considerations - Batteries

When connecting batteries together to form larger “banks”…


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Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

A chandelier has five light bulbs in it, and one of them is not…


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Wire Stripline Impedance Calculator

Wire Stripline Impedance Calculator

A calculator for computing the impedance of a wire stripline.


Tools

Impedance

Impedance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

In designing digital circuits, the designer often begins with a truth…


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DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build capacitor charging and discharging circuits and learn how to calculate the RC time constant of resistor-capacitor circuits.


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Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for a non-inverting Op-Amp


Tools

AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

Radio waves are comprised of oscillating electric and magnetic fields,…


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Free Space Path Loss Calculator

Free Space Path Loss Calculator

This calculator calculates the free space loss, given the distance, frequency, and gain, between two antennas.


Tools

Binary Math Circuits

Binary Math Circuits

Add the following binary numbers:


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Friis Transmission Calculator

Friis Transmission Calculator

This calculator allows you to solve for any of the six variables in the Friis formula for RF transmission: transmitter power, transmitter gain, receiver power, receiver gain, frequency, or distance.


Tools

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


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Beam Power Tubes

Beam Power Tubes

In the beam power tube, the basic four-element structure of the…


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Battery Ratings

Battery Ratings

Because batteries create current flow in a circuit by exchanging…


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Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

After applying some of the general troubleshooting tips to narrow the…


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DC Branch Current Analysis

DC Branch Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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