All About Circuits

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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Hand Calculator Use

Hand Calculator Use

To enter numbers in scientific notation into a hand calculator, there…


Textbook

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.


Textbook

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable…


Textbook

DC Lab - Series Batteries

DC Lab - Series Batteries

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will connect batteries in series and learn the relationship between the individual battery voltages and the total series voltage.


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Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law

For a given amount of water pressure, which will flow a greater rate…


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Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


Textbook

Slope (integrating) ADC

Slope (integrating) ADC

So far, we’ve only been able to escape the sheer volume of…


Textbook

Fundamentals of SPICE programming

Fundamentals of SPICE programming

Programming a circuit simulation with SPICE is much like programming…


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DC Branch Current Analysis

DC Branch Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Voltmeter Design

Voltmeter Design

As was stated earlier, most meter movements are sensitive devices.…


Textbook

TTL Logic Gates

TTL Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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Power Quality Measurement

Power Quality Measurement

It used to be with large AC power systems that “power…


Textbook

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Square Wave Signals

Square Wave Signals

It has been found that any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform can be…


Textbook

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


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Averager and Summer Circuits

Averager and Summer Circuits

If we take three equal resistors and connect one end of each to a…


Textbook

Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip.


Tools

DC Branch Current Analysis

DC Branch Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

The first, and perhaps most important, relationship between current,…


Textbook

Thyristors

Thyristors

Thyristors are a broad classification of bipolar-conducting…


Textbook

Copper Wire Gauge Table

Copper Wire Gauge Table

Solid Copper Wire Table Size Diameter (inches) Cross-sectional area…


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Physiological Effects of Electricity

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…


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Low-pass Filters

Low-pass Filters

By definition, a low-pass filter is a circuit offering easy passage to…


Textbook

Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Testing a JFET with a multimeter might seem to be a relatively easy…


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AC Lab - Induction Motor

AC Lab - Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


Textbook

Coil Inductance Calculator

Coil Inductance Calculator

This calculator computes the inductance of a wire coil.


Tools

Mutual Inductance

Mutual Inductance

If two coils of wire are brought into close proximity with each other…


Textbook

Wire Self Inductance Calculator

Wire Self Inductance Calculator

This calculator will help compute the inductance of a length of wire.


Tools

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Series-parallel R, L, and C

Series-parallel R, L, and C

Now that we’ve seen how series and parallel AC circuit analysis…


Textbook

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure resistance using the ohmmeter function.


Textbook

Microprocessor Programming

Microprocessor Programming

What is the difference between a JMP (“jump”) instruction and a…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

How is it possible to assign a fixed value of voltage or current (such…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

What Are Electric Circuits?

What Are Electric Circuits?

You might have been wondering how charges can continuously flow in a…


Textbook

Soldering

Soldering

Both soldering irons and soldering guns are tools used in the process…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Edge Coupled Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Edge Coupled Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This tool helps calculate the impedance of an edge-coupled microstrip.


Tools

“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


Textbook

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Knowing how to generate Gray code should allow us to build larger…


Textbook

Boolean Algebraic Identities

Boolean Algebraic Identities

In mathematics, an identity is a statement true for all possible…


Textbook

Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

There are two basic Ohm’s Law equations: one relating voltage,…


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Common Antiderivatives

Common Antiderivatives

 


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Boolean Arithmetic

Boolean Arithmetic

Let us begin our exploration of Boolean algebra by adding numbers…


Textbook

Skin Depth Calculator

Skin Depth Calculator

A tool designed to calculate skin depth based on the conductive material being used and the frequency of the signal.


Tools

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Sequences

Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…


Textbook

Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

In order to work with complex numbers without drawing vectors, we…


Textbook

Edge Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

Edge Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

A calculator for computing the impedance of an edge coupled stripline.


Tools

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator using a 555 timer and learn the theory of operation of the 555 timer when configured as an astable multivibrator.


Textbook

Resistor Color Codes

Resistor Color Codes

Try out our Resistor Color Code Calculator in our Tools section.…


Textbook

Capacitor Impedance Calculator

Capacitor Impedance Calculator

This tool calculates a capacitor's reactance for a given capacitance value and signal frequency.


Tools

Parallel Circuit Rules

Parallel Circuit Rules

Voltage Components in a parallel circuit share the same voltage:…


Textbook

Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Whenever electrons flow through a conductor, a magnetic field will…


Textbook

Decibel Measurements

Decibel Measurements

During the early development of telephone technology, a unit was…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Light-Pulse Switch

Light-Pulse Switch

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement