Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a pulse-width modulator power controller for a light and learn the basics of PWM signals.

Textbook

Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…

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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Analog Lab - High-impedance Voltmeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a high-impedance voltmeter and learn about circuit loading and how to use op amps to reduce loading effects.

Textbook

Intro Lab - Nonlinear Resistance

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will compare the resistance of a lamp filament in its on and off states and learn about nonlinear resistances by applying Ohm's law.

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Optoelectronic Devices

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Time Constant Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

DC Lab - Build Your Own Multimeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a simple voltmeter and ammeter while learning some fundamentals about circuit measurements.

Textbook

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…

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pH Measurement

A very important measurement in many liquid chemical processes…

Textbook

AC Lab - Frequency Analysis

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, use the frequency spectrum display from an oscilloscope program to observe waveforms from a musical keyboard and learn about spectral analysis.

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Overcurrent Protection

What hazards might be posed by a circuit with excessive current going…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

A chandelier has five light bulbs in it, and one of them is not…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Meter Check of a Transistor (BJT)

Bipolar transistors are constructed of a three-layer semiconductor…

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Practical Power Factor Correction

When the need arises to correct for poor power factor in an AC power…

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Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

AC Capacitor Circuits

Capacitors Vs. Resistors Capacitors do not behave the same as…

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Memory with moving parts: “Drives”

The earliest forms of digital data storage involving moving parts was…

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Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…

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Transistor Ratings and Packages (JFET)

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Re-drawing Complex Schematics

Typically, complex circuits are not arranged in nice, neat, clean…

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AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a parallel resonant inductor-capacitor circuit and learn about oscillation, resonant frequency, and damping.

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Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…

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Potential Pitfalls

Fallacious reasoning and poor interpersonal relations account for more…

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Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a programmable non-inverting amplifier and learn how to use the negative feedback of an operational amplifier to control the gain.

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Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a broadside coupled stripline.

Tools

Time Constant Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Simple Vector Addition

Remember that vectors are mathematical objects just like numbers on a…

Textbook

Binary Math Circuits

Add the following binary numbers:

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Junction Field-effect Transistors

The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…

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Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of current (4…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.

Tools

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Shockley Diodes and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Shockley…

Textbook

Link Budget Calculator

A Link Budget puts into account all gains and losses a signal goes through in a system as it is transmitted. The calculator calculates the power of the received signal given amplifier and antenna gains, and medium loss.

Tools

Basic Electricity Worksheet

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Encoder

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…

Textbook

Display Tubes

In addition to performing tasks of amplification and switching, tubes…

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Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable…

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Op-Amp Data

Parametric data for all semiconductor op-amp models except the CA3130…

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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Asynchronous Counters

In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that…

Textbook

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…

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Electron Tubes

Cathode:   This is the electrode that is heated and emits the…

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Memory Devices

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

“Long’’ and “Short’’ Transmission Lines

In DC and low-frequency AC circuits, the characteristic impedance of…

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What is a Meter?

A meter is any device built to accurately detect and display an…

Textbook

DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build capacitor charging and discharging circuits and learn how to calculate the RC time constant of resistor-capacitor circuits.

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Derivative of a Constant

    (“c” being a constant)   RELATED…

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Single-phase Induction Motors

A three-phase motor may be run from a single-phase power source.…

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Lock-out / Tag-out

In this motor control circuit, how would you ensure that there is no…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator

This calculator will determine the correct antenna downtilt angle given the heights of the antennas and distance between them.

Tools

Rules for Antiderivatives

Constant Rule     Rule of Sums     Rule of…

Textbook

Regulated Power Sources

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Worksheets - Test & Measurement