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High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


Textbook

DC Motor Theory

DC Motor Theory

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…


Textbook

AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Linear Computational Circuitry

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…


Textbook

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Normally, the rotor windings of a wound rotor induction motor are…


Textbook

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Fuses

Fuses

Normally, the ampacity rating of a conductor is a circuit design…


Textbook

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…


Textbook

Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.


Textbook

Hysteresis

Hysteresis

Thyristors are a class of semiconductor components exhibiting…


Textbook

Switches

Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Heat Sink Calculator

Heat Sink Calculator

This calculator helps determine the maximum temperature a device can withstand


Tools

Switches, Process Actuated

Switches, Process Actuated

It is very important to keep in mind that the “normal”…


Textbook

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

By now you should be well aware of the correlation between electrical…


Textbook

Rectifying Diodes

Rectifying Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Applications of Resonance

Applications of Resonance

So far, the phenomenon of resonance appears to be a useless curiosity,…


Textbook

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer IC and learn about RC time constant charging and how a one-shot timer operates.


Textbook

Right Triangle Trigonometry

Right Triangle Trigonometry

  A right triangle is defined as having one angle precisely…


Textbook

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test mixed-signal analog and digital circuits using the versatile 555 timer IC. These projects will teach you about RC time constants, duty cycle, transistor current drive, LEDs, voltage doublers, and more.


Textbook

DC Bridge Circuits

DC Bridge Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ammeter to Measure Current

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ammeter to Measure Current

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure current using the ammeter function.


Textbook

What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

Circuits consisting of just one battery and one load resistance are…


Textbook

Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

“All men are liable to error;” —John Locke Whereas…


Textbook

DC Motor Theory

DC Motor Theory

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Waveguide Calculator (Circular)

Waveguide Calculator (Circular)

This tool calculates the cutoff frequency of a circular waveguide


Tools

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Light-Pulse Switch

Light-Pulse Switch

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

In this electrical circuit, trace the direction of current through the…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Table (landscape view)

Table (landscape view)

Periodic table of chemical elements.


Textbook

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the value of resistance R1 in a reflection attenuator.


Tools

Modern Nonmechanical Memory

Modern Nonmechanical Memory

Now we can proceed to studying specific types of digital storage…


Textbook

Magnetic Units of Measurement

Magnetic Units of Measurement

In electric circuits, the three basic quantities are voltage (E or V),…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end…


Textbook

Full-Adder

Full-Adder

The half-adder is extremely useful until you want to add more than one…


Textbook

The Pentode

The Pentode

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…


Textbook

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Consider a circuit for a single-phase AC power system, where a 120…


Textbook

Transistors, Insulated-gate Field-effect (IGFET or MOSFET)

Transistors, Insulated-gate Field-effect (IGFET or MOSFET)

We have the symbols for depletion mode and enhancement mode MOSFETs -…


Textbook

A 50-Ohm Cable?

A 50-Ohm Cable?

Early in my explorations of electricity, I came across a length of…


Textbook

Energy, Work, and Power

Energy, Work, and Power

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Active Filters

Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Differential Equations

Differential Equations

As opposed to normal equations where the solution is a number, a…


Textbook

Electric Shock Data

Electric Shock Data

The table of electric currents and their various bodily effects was…


Textbook

Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip.


Tools

Introduction to Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors

Introduction to Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors

As was stated in the last chapter, there is more than one type of…


Textbook

Boolean Arithmetic

Boolean Arithmetic

Let us begin our exploration of Boolean algebra by adding numbers…


Textbook

RC Time Constant Calculator

RC Time Constant Calculator

The time constant of a series RC circuit is the product of the resistance and capacitance. Given two of the three values—resistance, capacitance, or RC time constant—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Digital Ramp ADC

Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…


Textbook

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


Textbook

Derivative of a Constant

Derivative of a Constant

    (“c” being a constant)   RELATED…


Textbook

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Normally, the rotor windings of a wound rotor induction motor are…


Textbook

Trace Resistance Calculator

Trace Resistance Calculator

This calculator determines the resistance of a microstrip trace


Tools

Divided Feedback

Divided Feedback

If we add a voltage divider to the negative feedback wiring so that…


Textbook