All About Circuits

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Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


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555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


Textbook

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.


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Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…


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Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

“All men are liable to error;” —John Locke Whereas…


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Digital Logic Functions

Digital Logic Functions

We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…


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High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


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Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…


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Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


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Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Time Constant Calculations

Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


Textbook

Monostable Multivibrators

Monostable Multivibrators

We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in…


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Switches

Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


Worksheets - Switches

Si Lab - Bipolar Transistor as a Switch

Si Lab - Bipolar Transistor as a Switch

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) to switch an LED and learn about the current their amplification.


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Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


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The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

Bipolar junction transistors (Also known as BJTs) can be used as an…


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AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


Worksheets - Switches

Switches

Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


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Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.


Textbook

Fail-safe Design

Fail-safe Design

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…


Textbook

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.


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Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…


Textbook

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


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AC Commutator Motors

AC Commutator Motors

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…


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Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

“All men are liable to error;” —John Locke Whereas…


Textbook

Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Switches

CMOS Logic Gates

CMOS Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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Inductor Commutating Circuits

Inductor Commutating Circuits

A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…


Textbook

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Normally, the rotor windings of a wound rotor induction motor are…


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Impedance Matching With Transformers

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…


Worksheets - Switches

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

Bipolar junction transistors (Also known as BJTs) can be used as an…


Textbook

Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


Textbook

DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


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AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


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Series and Parallel AC Circuits

Series and Parallel AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Introduction to AC Motors

Introduction to AC Motors

After the introduction of the DC electrical distribution system by…


Textbook

Edge Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

Edge Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

A calculator for computing the impedance of an edge coupled stripline.


Tools

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

This calculator determines the total path loss provided by an RF n-way power splitter.


Tools

Wire Stripline Impedance Calculator

Wire Stripline Impedance Calculator

A calculator for computing the impedance of a wire stripline.


Tools

Scientific Notation

Scientific Notation

In many disciplines of science and engineering, very large and very…


Textbook

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.


Textbook

Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Learn about junction field effect transistors (JFETs), their equations, and how to model and simulate JFETs in LTspice.


Textbook

Microphones

Microphones

Explain how a moving-coil, or dynamic microphone works. Identify how…


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Complex Circuits

Complex Circuits

What do we do if we come across a circuit more complex than the simple…


Textbook

Torque Conversion Calculator

Torque Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert between units of torque


Tools

Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the inductance of two parallel wires


Tools

Binary Math Circuits

Binary Math Circuits

Add the following binary numbers:


Worksheets - Switches

Numbers versus Numeration

Numbers versus Numeration

It is imperative to understand that the type of numeration system used…


Textbook

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Mathematicians use Venn diagrams to show the logical relationships of…


Textbook

Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


Textbook

Susceptance and Admittance

Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…


Textbook

Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Switches

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…


Worksheets - Switches

Table (portrait view)

Table (portrait view)

  Periodic table of chemical elements.


Textbook

Simple Circuits

Simple Circuits

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…


Worksheets - Switches

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Switches