All About Circuits

Latest Linear Regulator Education

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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


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Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of current (4…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Optoelectronic Devices

Optoelectronic Devices

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Voltage and Current Calculations

Voltage and Current Calculations

There’s a sure way to calculate any of the values in a reactive…


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Digital-to-Analog Conversion

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Linear Computational Circuitry

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…


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IGBTs

IGBTs

Because of their insulated gates, IGFETs of all types have extremely…


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Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a…


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Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Suppose a 12 volt lead-acid battery has an internal resistance of 20…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Zener Diodes

Zener Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


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Resistors

Resistors

Because the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in…


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Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Consider a circuit for a single-phase AC power system, where a 120…


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Current Mirror BJTs

Current Mirror BJTs

Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…


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Protective Relays

Protective Relays

A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…


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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Design Project: Intercom System

Design Project: Intercom System

Design a passive circuit that will create a "split” ( V/-V) power…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


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Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

What Is Kirchhoff’s Current Law? Kirchhoff’s Current Law,…


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Power Density Calculator

Power Density Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the power density of an antenna


Tools

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


Textbook

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


Textbook

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge cannot be solved using simple series…


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Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Whenever electrons flow through a conductor, a magnetic field will…


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Resistors

Resistors

Because the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in…


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Example Circuits and Netlists

Example Circuits and Netlists

The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…


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True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

Reactive Power We know that reactive loads such as inductors and…


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Static Electricity

Static Electricity

It was discovered centuries ago that certain types of materials would…


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Synchronous Condenser

Synchronous Condenser

Synchronous motors load the power line with a leading power factor.…


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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Square Root, Cube Root, and Nth Root Calculator

Square Root, Cube Root, and Nth Root Calculator

This calculator will determine the square root, cube root, or nth root of a given number, x.


Tools

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a resistive voltage divider and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


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Meter Check of a Diode

Meter Check of a Diode

The Functionality of Diode Polarity Being able to determine the…


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The Command-line Interface

The Command-line Interface

If you’ve used DOS or UNIX operating systems before in a…


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Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

It is a common phenomenon for the electrical resistance of a substance…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


Textbook

Capacitance Calculator

Capacitance Calculator

This calculates the capacitance of a capacitor based on its charge, Q, and its voltage, V, according to the formula, C=Q/V.


Tools

Safe Circuit Design

Safe Circuit Design

As we saw earlier, a power system with no secure connection to earth…


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Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…


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Other Diode Technologies

Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…


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Wire Types and Sizes

Wire Types and Sizes

Most electrical wire is covered in a rubber or plastic coating called…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Negative Binary Numbers

Negative Binary Numbers

With addition being easily accomplished, we can perform the operation…


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Simple Series Resonance

Simple Series Resonance

A similar effect happens in series inductive/capacitive circuits. When…


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The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)


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Si Lab - Commutating Diode

Si Lab - Commutating Diode

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple circuit that will teach you how to use a commutating diode to reduce inductive kickback.


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Thyristors

Thyristors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Analog Lab - Introduction

Analog Lab - Introduction

In this series of hands-on electronics experiments, build analog circuits, including amplifiers, comparators, oscillators, and more. Following the step-by-step instructions will help you understand and appreciate analog systems.


Textbook

AC Generator Theory

AC Generator Theory

If an electric current is passed through this wire, which direction…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Determine the output voltage polarity of this op-amp (with reference…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator