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Attenuators

Attenuators

What is Attenuators? Attenuators are passive devices. It is…


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Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Behaviors of Inductors wrapped around a Conductive Core Suppose we…


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Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.


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Digital Lab - Introduction

Digital Lab - Introduction

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test digital circuits and learn the fundamentals of digital logic circuits, including gates, counters, logic levels, hysteresis, memory, and more.


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Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


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Single-phase Induction Motors

Single-phase Induction Motors

A three-phase motor may be run from a single-phase power source.…


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Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a pulse-width modulator power controller for a light and learn the basics of PWM signals.


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Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


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JFET Amplifiers

JFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Active-mode Operation (BJT)

Active-mode Operation (BJT)

When a transistor is in the fully-off state (like an open switch), it…


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Autotransformers

Autotransformers

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…


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Single-phase Power Systems

Single-phase Power Systems

Single phase power system schematic diagram shows little about the…


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Elementary Amplifier Theory

Elementary Amplifier Theory

Fundamentally, an amplifier is a device that takes in a low-power…


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555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer IC and learn about RC time constant charging and how a one-shot timer operates.


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CMOS Gate Circuitry

CMOS Gate Circuitry

Up until this point, our analysis of transistor logic circuits has…


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Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test a 2-input digital NAND gate with LED indicators and learn to read pinout diagrams, power a digital IC, connect unused inputs and outputs, and use pulldown resistors.


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Analog Lab - Precision Voltage Follower Using an Op Amp

Analog Lab - Precision Voltage Follower Using an Op Amp

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an op amp voltage follower and learn about negative feedback in operational amplifier circuits.


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Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.


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Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


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Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.


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DC Metrology

DC Metrology

Define the following metrological terms: • Uncertainty • Accuracy…


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Zener Diodes

Zener Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Wire-by-Number project: simple voltage divider Description: Build a…


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Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


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Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


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Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…


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Static Electricity

Static Electricity

What does it mean for an object to have an electric charge? Give an…


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Some Examples with AC Circuits

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…


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AC Lab - Variable Inductor

AC Lab - Variable Inductor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a variable conductor and learn the impact of a metal core placed inside an inductor coil has on the inductance.


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The NOT Gate

The NOT Gate

The single-transistor inverter circuit illustrated earlier is actually…


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Electron Activity in Chemical Reactions

Electron Activity in Chemical Reactions

So far in our discussions on electricity and electric circuits, we…


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Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic. Released under the Creative Commons…


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Other Diode Technologies

Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…


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Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


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Active-mode Operation (JFET)

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…


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What Are Zener Diodes?

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…


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Gas Discharge Tubes

Gas Discharge Tubes

If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen…


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Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test a 2-input digital NAND gate with LED indicators and learn to read pinout diagrams, power a digital IC, connect unused inputs and outputs, and use pulldown resistors.


Textbook

Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Insulator Breakdown Voltage

Insulator Breakdown Voltage

The atoms in insulating materials have very tightly-bound electrons,…


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What is a Filter?

What is a Filter?

It is sometimes desirable to have circuits capable of selectively…


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The Pentode

The Pentode

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…


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Complex Vector Addition

Complex Vector Addition

If vectors with uncommon angles are added, their magnitudes (lengths)…


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DC Lab - Potentiometric Voltmeter

DC Lab - Potentiometric Voltmeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a null-balancing potentiometric voltmeter and learn how to prevent a voltmeter from changing the voltage it is measuring.


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Design Project: DC Voltage Regulator

Design Project: DC Voltage Regulator

It may seem difficult to even start on a project such as this, with no…


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Microprocessors

Microprocessors

Early computer science pioneers such as Alan Turing and John Von…


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Basic Voltmeter Use

Basic Voltmeter Use

What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…


Worksheets - Power Supplies

Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for an inverting op-amp.


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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Contributors (2)

Contributors (2)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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RF Power Conversion Calculator

RF Power Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert RF power from watts to decibels and vice versa


Tools

Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

The invention of the bipolar transistor in 1948 ushered in a…


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Calculating Electric Power

Calculating Electric Power

Learn the Power Formula We’ve seen the formula for determining…


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The Command-line Interface

The Command-line Interface

If you’ve used DOS or UNIX operating systems before in a…


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Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers

The Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC, was invented in the late…


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Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Measurements of AC Magnitude

Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…


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The Shockley Diode

The Shockley Diode

Our exploration of thyristors begins with a device called the…


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DC Lab - Precision Potentiometer

DC Lab - Precision Potentiometer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a precision potentiometer from three lower precision potentiometer and learn about voltage range compression and parameter interactions.


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