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AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.


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“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


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Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…


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Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…


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Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.


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Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Polyphase Motor Design

Polyphase Motor Design

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…


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AC Commutator Motors

AC Commutator Motors

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…


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Electromechanical Relay Logic

Electromechanical Relay Logic

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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Single-phase Induction Motors

Single-phase Induction Motors

A three-phase motor may be run from a single-phase power source.…


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Fuses

Fuses

Normally, the ampacity rating of a conductor is a circuit design…


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AC Lab - Build a Transformer

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.


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AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


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DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use a potentiometer as a variable resistor to control the speed of a motor and learn how to connect a potentiometer as a rheostat.


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Contact “Bounce”

Contact “Bounce”

When a switch is actuated and contacts touch one another under the…


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Network Topology

Network Topology

Point-to-Point Connecting two digital devices with a network, would…


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Lock-out / Tag-out

Lock-out / Tag-out

In this motor control circuit, how would you ensure that there is no…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Oscillator Circuits

Oscillator Circuits

Phase shift oscillator. R1C1, R2C2, and R3C3 each provide 60° of…


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The Shockley Diode

The Shockley Diode

Our exploration of thyristors begins with a device called the…


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Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

A very useful tool for observing rotating objects is a strobe light.…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Temperature Converter

Temperature Converter

Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin


Tools

AC Metrology

AC Metrology

In power distribution systems, it is very important to be able to…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Junction Field-effect Transistors

Junction Field-effect Transistors

The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…


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Microstrip Inductance Calculator

Microstrip Inductance Calculator

This calculator computes the inductance of a microstrip etched on a PCB.


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How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


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Permissive and Interlock Circuits

Permissive and Interlock Circuits

A practical application of switch and relay logic is in control…


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The TRIAC

The TRIAC

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…


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Wire Loop Inductance Calculator

Wire Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a wire loop.


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Microwave Tubes

Microwave Tubes

For extremely high-frequency applications (above 1 GHz), the…


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Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of…


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Voltmeter Design

Voltmeter Design

Suppose I were about to measure an unknown voltage with a manual-range…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a resistive voltage divider and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


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Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

The jobs of electronics engineers and technicians frequently entail…


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Square Wave Signals

Square Wave Signals

It has been found that any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform can be…


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Band-pass Filters

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…


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Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


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Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET)

Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET)

Note that the direction of the arrow at the gate indicates the…


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Physiological Effects of Electricity

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…


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Attenuators

Attenuators

What is Attenuators? Attenuators are passive devices. It is…


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Rules for Antiderivatives

Rules for Antiderivatives

Constant Rule     Rule of Sums     Rule of…


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Factors Affecting Capacitance

Factors Affecting Capacitance

There are three basic factors of capacitor construction determining…


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Resistance

Resistance

The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In…


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Mixed-Frequency Signals

Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Electrical Signal Types

Electrical Signal Types

With BogusBus, our signals were very simple and straightforward: each…


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Intro Lab - A Simple Lighting Circuit

Intro Lab - A Simple Lighting Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a battery-operated circuit with a light and learn about open and short circuit failures.


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Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Metric Prefix Conversions

Metric Prefix Conversions

To express a quantity in a different metric prefix from how it was…


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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…


Worksheets - Electromechanical

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Although transistor switching circuits operate without bias, it is…


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Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Consider a circuit for a single-phase AC power system, where a 120…


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Broadside Coupled Trace Inductance Calculator

Broadside Coupled Trace Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a broadside coupled trace.


Tools

Microstrip Crosstalk Calculator

Microstrip Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a microstrip.


Tools

Op-Amp Data

Op-Amp Data

Parametric data for all semiconductor op-amp models except the CA3130…


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