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Capacitive Reactance

Capacitive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


Textbook

Measurements of AC Magnitude

Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…


Textbook

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

DC Lab - Build Your Own Multimeter

DC Lab - Build Your Own Multimeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a simple voltmeter and ammeter while learning some fundamentals about circuit measurements.


Textbook

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…


Textbook

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure resistance using the ohmmeter function.


Textbook

AC Bridge Circuits

AC Bridge Circuits

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…


Textbook

Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


Textbook

Slope (integrating) ADC

Slope (integrating) ADC

So far, we’ve only been able to escape the sheer volume of…


Textbook

Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

How is it possible to assign a fixed value of voltage or current (such…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge cannot be solved using simple series…


Textbook

DC Bridge Circuits

DC Bridge Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Intro Lab - How to Use a Voltmeter to Measure Voltage

Intro Lab - How to Use a Voltmeter to Measure Voltage

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure voltage using the voltmeter function.


Textbook

Magnetic Units of Measurement

Magnetic Units of Measurement

If the burden of two systems of measurement for common quantities…


Textbook

Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator

Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator

This tool calculates the dimensions of the microstrip patch antenna given the desired operating frequency.


Tools

RF Power Ratio Conversion Calculator

RF Power Ratio Conversion Calculator

This tool is designed to convert power ratios to decibel


Tools

Vol VI. Credits

Vol VI. Credits

The following is a partial list of contributors to the current online…


Textbook

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.


Textbook

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…


Textbook

The Quadratic Formula

The Quadratic Formula

Solving for x in a given polynomial equation “ax2 + bx + c…


Textbook

Vol I. Credits

Vol I. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


Textbook

Torque Conversion Calculator

Torque Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert between units of torque


Tools

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ammeter to Measure Current

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ammeter to Measure Current

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure current using the ammeter function.


Textbook

Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…


Textbook

Susceptance and Admittance

Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…


Textbook

Basic Voltmeter Use

Basic Voltmeter Use

What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


Textbook

Band-pass Filters

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…


Textbook

Resonance in Series-Parallel Circuits

Resonance in Series-Parallel Circuits

In simple reactive circuits with little or no resistance, the effects…


Textbook

Inductor Sizing Equation

Inductor Sizing Equation

The Inductance Formula     Wheeler’s formulas for…


Textbook

Power Quality Measurement

Power Quality Measurement

It used to be with large AC power systems that “power…


Textbook

DC Lab - Series Batteries

DC Lab - Series Batteries

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will connect batteries in series and learn the relationship between the individual battery voltages and the total series voltage.


Textbook

DC Lab - Precision Potentiometer

DC Lab - Precision Potentiometer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a precision potentiometer from three lower precision potentiometer and learn about voltage range compression and parameter interactions.


Textbook

Susceptance and Admittance

Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…


Textbook

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

This calculator will convert pressure values to ten different standard units for pressure.


Tools

Performance-Based Assessments for Basic Electricity Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Basic Electricity Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Ring Counters

Ring Counters

If the output of a shift register is fed back to the input. a ring…


Textbook

Oscillator Circuits

Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

This calculator gives the reactance and admittance of an inductor or the inductance given the reactance of an inductor


Tools

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

This calculator will compute the required resistor ratio (R2/R1) and reference voltage (VREF) to create the desired high (VTH) and low (VTL) threshold voltages in a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis (commonly called a Schmitt trigger).


Tools

DC Motor Theory

DC Motor Theory

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Vol V. Credits

Vol V. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


Textbook

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


Textbook

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism

The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…


Textbook

DC Lab - Current Divider

DC Lab - Current Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build resistive current dividers and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's current law function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


Textbook

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

Reactive Power We know that reactive loads such as inductors and…


Textbook

Ohm’s Law Calculator

Ohm’s Law Calculator

Calculate circuit parameters using Ohm's Law


Tools

Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Resistor Color Codes

Resistor Color Codes

Try out our Resistor Color Code Calculator in our Tools section.…


Textbook

Square Root, Cube Root, and Nth Root Calculator

Square Root, Cube Root, and Nth Root Calculator

This calculator will determine the square root, cube root, or nth root of a given number, x.


Tools

Millman’s Theorem Revisited

Millman’s Theorem Revisited

You may have wondered where we got that strange equation for the…


Textbook