All About Circuits

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Display Tubes

Display Tubes

In addition to performing tasks of amplification and switching, tubes…


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Safe Meter Usage

Safe Meter Usage

Using an electrical meter safely and efficiently is perhaps the most…


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Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable…


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TTL Logic Gates

TTL Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

AC Voltmeters and Ammeters

AC Voltmeters and Ammeters

AC electromechanical meter movements come in two basic arrangements:…


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AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


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PN Junctions

PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

After applying some of the general troubleshooting tips to narrow the…


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Special Diodes

Special Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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More on AC “polarity”

More on AC “polarity”

Complex numbers are useful for AC circuit analysis because they…


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Some Examples with AC Circuits

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…


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Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…


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Conductor Ampacity

Conductor Ampacity

The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater…


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Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


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Magnetic Units of Measurement

Magnetic Units of Measurement

If the burden of two systems of measurement for common quantities…


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Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

Ohm’s Law - How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate

The first, and perhaps most important, relationship between current,…


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Basic Electricity Worksheet

Basic Electricity Worksheet

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Determine the output voltage polarity of this op-amp (with reference…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Current Divider Circuits

Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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A Binary Adder

A Binary Adder

Suppose we wanted to build a device that could add two binary bits…


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Diode Ratings

Diode Ratings

In addition to forward voltage drop (Vf) and peak inverse voltage…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Current Mirror BJTs

Current Mirror BJTs

Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…


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Binary Math

Binary Math

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

High-pass Filters

High-pass Filters

A high-pass filter’s task is just the opposite of a low-pass…


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Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…


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AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.


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Ammeter Design

Ammeter Design

What would happen to this meter movement, if connected directly to a…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Parallel Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Parallel Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to parallel resistance circuits, we will explain…


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Winding Configurations

Winding Configurations

Transformers with Multiple Secondaries Transformers are very versatile…


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Display Tubes

Display Tubes

In addition to performing tasks of amplification and switching, tubes…


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Permanent Magnets

Permanent Magnets

Centuries ago, it was discovered that certain types of mineral rock…


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Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Optoelectronic Devices

Optoelectronic Devices

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Clamper Circuits

Clamper Circuits

The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…


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JFET Quirks

JFET Quirks


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Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


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R, L and C Summary

R, L and C Summary

With the notable exception of calculations for power (P), all AC…


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Active Filters

Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a parallel resonant inductor-capacitor circuit and learn about oscillation, resonant frequency, and damping.


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Multiple-input Gates

Multiple-input Gates

The Use of Logic Gate Inverters and buffers exhaust the possibilities…


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Logarithms

Logarithms

Definition of a Logarithm     “log” denotes a…


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Special-purpose Diodes

Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…


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Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Mathematical rules are based on the defining limits we place on the…


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Radio Circuits

Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…


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Static Electricity

Static Electricity

What does it mean for an object to have an electric charge? Give an…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Contributors (13)

Contributors (13)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Bit Grouping

Bit Grouping

The singular reason for learning and using the binary numeration…


Textbook

AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


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Example Circuits and Netlists

Example Circuits and Netlists

The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…


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Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Karnaugh Mapping

Karnaugh Mapping

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

AC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector with Audio Output

AC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector with Audio Output

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.


Textbook

Contributors (7)

Contributors (7)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Emergency Response

Emergency Response

Despite lock-out/tag-out procedures and multiple repetitions of…


Textbook

Trace Resistance Calculator

Trace Resistance Calculator

This calculator determines the resistance of a microstrip trace


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