All About Circuits

Latest Test & Measurement Education

Categories

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Kelvin (4-wire) Resistance Measurement

Kelvin (4-wire) Resistance Measurement

Suppose we wished to measure the resistance of some component located…


Textbook

More on AC “polarity”

More on AC “polarity”

Complex numbers are useful for AC circuit analysis because they…


Textbook

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Intro Lab - A Simple Lighting Circuit

Intro Lab - A Simple Lighting Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a battery-operated circuit with a light and learn about open and short circuit failures.


Textbook

Rectifying Diodes

Rectifying Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Safe Meter Usage

Safe Meter Usage

Using an electrical meter safely and efficiently is perhaps the most…


Textbook

Performance-Based Assessments for Basic Electricity Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Basic Electricity Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Just like voltmeters, ammeters tend to influence the amount of current…


Textbook

Questions relating to project management

Questions relating to project management

NAME:…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.


Textbook

Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

As an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, it creates a…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Design Project: Signal Generator

Design Project: Signal Generator

Explain the principle of operation for the particular integrated…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

DC Mesh Current Analysis

DC Mesh Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.


Textbook

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


Textbook

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

A helpful analogy for understanding divided feedback amplifier…


Textbook

SPICE Quirks

SPICE Quirks

“Garbage in, garbage out.” —Anonymous   SPICE…


Textbook

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Amplifier Gain

Amplifier Gain

The Voltage Gain Because amplifiers have the ability to increase the…


Textbook

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)


Textbook

Series-parallel R, L, and C

Series-parallel R, L, and C

Now that we’ve seen how series and parallel AC circuit analysis…


Textbook

Class C BJT Amplifiers

Class C BJT Amplifiers

A common class of operation used in radio-frequency (RF) amplifier…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Radio Circuits

Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…


Textbook

The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


Textbook

Basic identities

Basic identities

Additive Identity a + 0 = a Multiplicative Identity 1a = a…


Textbook

The Pentode

The Pentode

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…


Textbook

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…


Textbook

Parallel Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Parallel Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to parallel resistance circuits, we will explain…


Textbook

Electrical Isolation

Electrical Isolation

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…


Textbook

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Clamper Circuits

Clamper Circuits

The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…


Textbook

Link Budget Calculator

Link Budget Calculator

A Link Budget puts into account all gains and losses a signal goes through in a system as it is transmitted. The calculator calculates the power of the received signal given amplifier and antenna gains, and medium loss.


Tools

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

By now you should be well aware of the correlation between electrical…


Textbook

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Before we begin to explore the effects of resistors, inductors, and…


Textbook

Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Current Divider Circuits

Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Metric Notation

Metric Notation

The metric system, besides being a collection of measurement units for…


Textbook

Decibel Measurements

Decibel Measurements

During the early development of telephone technology, a unit was…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

At first it may seem pointless to have the four buffer gates following…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

More on AC “polarity”

More on AC “polarity”

Complex numbers are useful for AC circuit analysis because they…


Textbook

TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL Circuit Analysis Let’s examine the following TTL circuit and…


Textbook

Factoring Equivalencies

Factoring Equivalencies

Factoring Identities :   a2 - b2 = (a + b) (a - b) a2 + 2ab + b2…


Textbook

The S-R Latch

The S-R Latch

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…


Textbook

Speed Distance Time Calculator

Speed Distance Time Calculator

This calculator will solve for either distance, time, or speed given two of the three parameters.


Tools

Principles of Radio

Principles of Radio

One of the more fascinating applications of electricity is in the…


Textbook

Common Antiderivatives

Common Antiderivatives

 


Textbook

Conductor Ampacity

Conductor Ampacity

The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater…


Textbook

DC Motor Control Circuits

DC Motor Control Circuits

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Timer Circuits

Timer Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Electrical Connections

Electrical Connections

What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between…


Worksheets - Test & Measurement

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

You might have noticed on the table for specific resistances that all…


Textbook

Radio Circuits

Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…


Textbook