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Analog Lab - Precision Voltage Follower Using an Op Amp

Analog Lab - Precision Voltage Follower Using an Op Amp

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an op amp voltage follower and learn about negative feedback in operational amplifier circuits.


Textbook

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…


Textbook

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


Textbook

IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.


Textbook

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Negative Feedback

Negative Feedback

If we connect the output of an op-amp to its inverting input and apply…


Textbook

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

This calculator will compute the required resistor ratio (R2/R1) and reference voltage (VREF) to create the desired high (VTH) and low (VTL) threshold voltages in a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis (commonly called a Schmitt trigger).


Tools

Example Circuits and Netlists

Example Circuits and Netlists

The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…


Textbook

RC Time Constant Calculator

RC Time Constant Calculator

The time constant of a series RC circuit is the product of the resistance and capacitance. Given two of the three values—resistance, capacitance, or RC time constant—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

JFET Amplifiers

JFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

In instrumentation circuitry, DC signals are often used as analog…


Textbook

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


Textbook

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a programmable non-inverting amplifier and learn how to use the negative feedback of an operational amplifier to control the gain.


Textbook

Divided Feedback

Divided Feedback

If we add a voltage divider to the negative feedback wiring so that…


Textbook

Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


Textbook

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

What are Simultaneous Equations and Systems of Equations? The terms…


Textbook

Susceptance and Admittance

Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…


Textbook

Rules for Derivatives

Rules for Derivatives

Constant rule Rule of sums Rule of differences Product rule Quotient…


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Clamper Circuits

Clamper Circuits

The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…


Textbook

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…


Textbook

Transistors, Insulated-gate Field-effect (IGFET or MOSFET)

Transistors, Insulated-gate Field-effect (IGFET or MOSFET)

We have the symbols for depletion mode and enhancement mode MOSFETs -…


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Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET)

Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET)

Note that the direction of the arrow at the gate indicates the…


Textbook

High-pass Filters

High-pass Filters

A high-pass filter’s task is just the opposite of a low-pass…


Textbook

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC magnetic fields using a simple wire coil and learn about AC signal coupling, orientation effects, and the impact of shielding using different materials.


Textbook

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.


Textbook

Single-phase Power Systems

Single-phase Power Systems

Single phase power system schematic diagram shows little about the…


Textbook

Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


Textbook

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

AC Bridge Circuits

AC Bridge Circuits

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…


Textbook

Voltage Divider Circuits

Voltage Divider Circuits

Let’s analyze a simple series circuit and determine the voltage…


Textbook

Autotransformers

Autotransformers

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Permissive and Interlock Circuits

Permissive and Interlock Circuits

A practical application of switch and relay logic is in control…


Textbook

Intro Lab - Ohm’s Law

Intro Lab - Ohm’s Law

Project Overview This project employs all of the skills…


Textbook

Op-Amp Data

Op-Amp Data

Parametric data for all semiconductor op-amp models except the CA3130…


Textbook

Current Divider Circuits

Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Capacitor Impedance Calculator

Capacitor Impedance Calculator

This tool calculates a capacitor's reactance for a given capacitance value and signal frequency.


Tools

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Specific resistance at 20o C:  Material Element/Alloy ohm-cmil/ft…


Textbook

Contributors (16)

Contributors (16)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Clipper and Clamper Circuits

Clipper and Clamper Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Clamper Circuits

Clamper Circuits

The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…


Textbook

Practical considerations - Digital Communication

Practical considerations - Digital Communication

A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the…


Textbook

AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

Pure resistive AC circuit: voltage and current are in phase.  …


Textbook

The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

If we take the equivalent circuit of an SCR and add another external…


Textbook

AC Generator Theory

AC Generator Theory

If an electric current is passed through this wire, which direction…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Binary Addition

Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…


Textbook

Special Transformers and Applications

Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…


Textbook

What is a Filter?

What is a Filter?

It is sometimes desirable to have circuits capable of selectively…


Textbook

Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

RC Time Constant Calculator

RC Time Constant Calculator

The time constant of a series RC circuit is the product of the resistance and capacitance. Given two of the three values—resistance, capacitance, or RC time constant—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Knowing how to generate Gray code should allow us to build larger…


Textbook