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The Unijunction Transistor (UJT)

The Unijunction Transistor (UJT)

Unijunction transistor: Although a unijunction transistor is not a…


Textbook

Electrical Noise and Interference

Electrical Noise and Interference

Define what noise means, in the electrical sense of the word. How does…


Worksheets - Oscillators

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.


Textbook

Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator using a 555 timer and learn the theory of operation of the 555 timer when configured as an astable multivibrator.


Textbook

Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Junction Diodes

Junction Diodes

There was some historic crude, but usable semiconductor…


Textbook

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.


Textbook

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…


Textbook

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a resistive voltage divider and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


Textbook

Class C BJT Amplifiers

Class C BJT Amplifiers

A common class of operation used in radio-frequency (RF) amplifier…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Special Diodes

Special Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…


Textbook

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


Textbook

What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

Circuits consisting of just one battery and one load resistance are…


Textbook

Transistor Ratings and Packages (BJT)

Transistor Ratings and Packages (BJT)

Like all electrical and electronic components, transistors are limited…


Textbook

What Is the Skin Effect?

What Is the Skin Effect?

The Skin Depth of Copper in Electrical Engineering As previously…


Textbook

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring for AC and DC power distribution branch circuits are color…


Textbook

Op-amp Circuits

Op-amp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscillators

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.


Textbook

The “Buffer” Gate

The “Buffer” Gate

If we were to connect two inverter gates together so that the output…


Textbook

Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of…


Textbook

Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

In order to work with complex numbers without drawing vectors, we…


Textbook

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

A helpful analogy for understanding divided feedback amplifier…


Textbook

Timer Circuits

Timer Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


Textbook

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies

Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies

Perhaps the most ingenious technique was that of the delay line. A…


Textbook

Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Binary Addition

Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…


Textbook

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


Textbook

Algebraic Equation Manipulation for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Equation Manipulation for Electric Circuits

The electrical resistance of a conductor at any temperature may be…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Stepper Motor Calculator

Stepper Motor Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the maximum speed, minimum time per step and maximum power of a stepper motor


Tools

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

At first it may seem pointless to have the four buffer gates following…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Wires and Connections

Wires and Connections

Older electrical schematics showed connecting wires crossing, while…


Textbook

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


Textbook

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave bridge rectifier using silicon diodes and learn some of this circuit's advantages and disadvantages.


Textbook

Simple Series Resonance

Simple Series Resonance

A similar effect happens in series inductive/capacitive circuits. When…


Textbook

Depletion-type IGFETs

Depletion-type IGFETs

Insulated gate field-effect transistors are unipolar devices just like…


Textbook

Scientific Notation in SPICE

Scientific Notation in SPICE

The SPICE circuit simulation computer program uses scientific notation…


Textbook

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…


Textbook

Electrical Energy Calculator

Electrical Energy Calculator

This calculator will determine the instantaneous energy, sustained energy, and power consumed by an electrical system given two of the three electrical parameters (voltage, current, or resistance) and the time.


Tools

AC Network Analysis

AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Polyphase Motor Design

Polyphase Motor Design

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…


Textbook

Component Modeling

Component Modeling

When plotted on a curve tracer, the characteristic curve for a normal…


Worksheets - Oscillators

Memory with moving parts: “Drives”

Memory with moving parts: “Drives”

The earliest forms of digital data storage involving moving parts was…


Textbook