All About Circuits

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AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


Textbook

Overcurrent Protection

Overcurrent Protection

What hazards might be posed by a circuit with excessive current going…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Voltmeter Design

Voltmeter Design

As was stated earlier, most meter movements are sensitive devices.…


Textbook

Regulated Power Sources

Regulated Power Sources

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Shockley Diodes and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Shockley…


Textbook

Series and Parallel AC Circuits

Series and Parallel AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

AC Bridge Circuits

AC Bridge Circuits

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…


Textbook

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Determine the output voltage polarity of this op-amp (with reference…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Impedance

Impedance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Time Constant Circuits

Time Constant Circuits

Generally speaking, how many “time constants” worth of time does…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

DC Lab - Build Your Own Multimeter

DC Lab - Build Your Own Multimeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a simple voltmeter and ammeter while learning some fundamentals about circuit measurements.


Textbook

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.


Textbook

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Analog Lab - High-impedance Voltmeter

Analog Lab - High-impedance Voltmeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a high-impedance voltmeter and learn about circuit loading and how to use op amps to reduce loading effects.


Textbook

DC Lab - 4-wire Resistance Measurement

DC Lab - 4-wire Resistance Measurement

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will perform a 4-wire Kelvin resistance measurement and learn how to accurately measure resistance.


Textbook

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


Textbook

Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Voltmeter Design

Voltmeter Design

Suppose I were about to measure an unknown voltage with a manual-range…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

In this hands-on semiconductor experiment, build an improved full-wave rectifier with output filtering and learn about capacitive filtering in AC-to-DC power converters.


Textbook

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.


Textbook

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…


Textbook

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…


Textbook

What is a Meter?

What is a Meter?

A meter is any device built to accurately detect and display an…


Textbook

Design Project: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Design Project: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

What, exactly, is an arbitrary waveform generator, and for what…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

TTL Logic Gates

TTL Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Switches

Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Timer Circuits

Timer Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Just like voltmeters, ammeters tend to influence the amount of current…


Textbook

Component Failure Analysis (Continued)

Component Failure Analysis (Continued)

“I consider that I understand an equation when I can predict the…


Textbook

Measurement Circuits

Measurement Circuits

Figure below shows a photodiode amplifier for measuring low levels of…


Textbook

Oscillator Circuits

Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

AC Voltmeters and Ammeters

AC Voltmeters and Ammeters

AC electromechanical meter movements come in two basic arrangements:…


Textbook

Contributors (14)

Contributors (14)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Mathematicians use Venn diagrams to show the logical relationships of…


Textbook

Intro Lab - A Simple Lighting Circuit

Intro Lab - A Simple Lighting Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a battery-operated circuit with a light and learn about open and short circuit failures.


Textbook

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Switches, Electrically Actuated (Relays)

Switches, Electrically Actuated (Relays)

The structure behind ladder logic is based on the electrical ladder…


Textbook

Design Project: Voltmeter

Design Project: Voltmeter

The most important component of your voltmeter will be the…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

AC Lab - Phase Shift in a Capacitive Circuit

AC Lab - Phase Shift in a Capacitive Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple RC circuit that demonstrates phase shift and learn how out-of-phase AC voltages do not add algebraically.


Textbook

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Early Tube History

Early Tube History

Thomas Edison, that prolific American inventor, is often credited with…


Textbook

Power Quality Measurement

Power Quality Measurement

It used to be with large AC power systems that “power…


Textbook

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Special Diodes

Special Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Series and Parallel Inductors

Series and Parallel Inductors

When inductors are connected in series, the total inductance is the…


Textbook

Scientific Notation

Scientific Notation

In many disciplines of science and engineering, very large and very…


Textbook

Introduction to SPICE

Introduction to SPICE

“With Electronics Workbench, you can create circuit schematics…


Textbook

Oscillator Circuits

Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes

Band Theory of Solids

Band Theory of Solids

Quantum physics describes the states of electrons in an atom according…


Textbook

Radicals

Radicals

Definition of a Radical Given the expression where “x” is…


Textbook

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

A helpful analogy for understanding divided feedback amplifier…


Textbook

Design Project: Telegraph System

Design Project: Telegraph System

What voltage will you choose to use for each of the station batteries?


Worksheets - Oscilloscopes