All About Circuits

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AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


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Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Suppose a 12 volt lead-acid battery has an internal resistance of 20…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

A chandelier has five light bulbs in it, and one of them is not…


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Practical Considerations - Transformers

Practical Considerations - Transformers

Power Capacity As has already been observed, transformers must be well…


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ElectroStatic Discharge

ElectroStatic Discharge

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…


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Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

The jobs of electronics engineers and technicians frequently entail…


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Single-phase Induction Motors

Single-phase Induction Motors

A three-phase motor may be run from a single-phase power source.…


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Ammeter Design

Ammeter Design

Ammeters Measure Electrical Current A meter designed to measure…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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DC Motor Control Circuits

DC Motor Control Circuits

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…


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Transistor Biasing Calculations

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Although transistor switching circuits operate without bias, it is…


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Low-pass Filters

Low-pass Filters

By definition, a low-pass filter is a circuit offering easy passage to…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors

Bipolar Junction Transistors

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was named because its operation…


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Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


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Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Battery Construction

Battery Construction

The word battery simply means a group of similar components. In…


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Si Lab - A Simple BJT Current Mirror Circuit

Si Lab - A Simple BJT Current Mirror Circuit

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple current mirror using matched bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and learn about current mirror circuit limitations, the temperature dependence of BJTs, and thermal runaway.


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Capacitive Reactance

Capacitive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…


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The TRIAC

The TRIAC

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…


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DC Motor Control Circuits

DC Motor Control Circuits

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…


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Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


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Polyphase Power Systems

Polyphase Power Systems

Explain the difference between a balanced polyphase system and an…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Design Project: Sensitive Audio Detector

Design Project: Sensitive Audio Detector

The choice of step-down transformers to use in a project such as this…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Resonant Circuit

Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Resonant Circuit

The Q, or quality, factor of a resonant circuit is a measure of the…


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Branch Current Method Analysis

Branch Current Method Analysis

The most straightforward DC network analysis technique is the branch…


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AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.


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ElectroStatic Discharge

ElectroStatic Discharge

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…


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Electron Activity in Chemical Reactions

Electron Activity in Chemical Reactions

So far in our discussions on electricity and electric circuits, we…


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Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Over the course of the next few chapters, you will learn that AC…


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Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Voltage is commonly defined as “electrical pressure.” The unit of…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

DC Lab - Parallel Batteries

DC Lab - Parallel Batteries

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will connect batteries in parallel to power a light and learn the relationship between the individual battery currents and the total system current.


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Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Peak Voltage Calculator

Peak Voltage Calculator

The peak voltage calculator calculates peak voltage values from the peak-to-peak voltage, RMS voltage, or average voltage.


Tools

Power Conversion Circuits

Power Conversion Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Basic Ammeter Use

Basic Ammeter Use

Show how this ammeter would be connected to the light bulb circuit to…


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Parallel Circuit Rules

Parallel Circuit Rules

Voltage Components in a parallel circuit share the same voltage:…


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Link Budget Calculator

Link Budget Calculator

A Link Budget puts into account all gains and losses a signal goes through in a system as it is transmitted. The calculator calculates the power of the received signal given amplifier and antenna gains, and medium loss.


Tools

Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Suppose you were installing a high-power stereo system in your car,…


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Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

So far we have been finding Sum-Of-Product (SOP) solutions to logic…


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Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


Textbook

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.


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Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance

Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance

What will happen to the brightness of the light bulb as the iron core…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Resistivity Calculator

Resistivity Calculator

This calculator calculates the resistivity of a component based on its resistance value, length, and cross-sectional area.


Tools

Analog Lab - Voltage Comparator

Analog Lab - Voltage Comparator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog voltage comparator circuit and learn how open-loop operational amplifiers function.


Textbook

The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

  Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x)…


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Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET)

Transistors, junction field-effect (JFET)

Note that the direction of the arrow at the gate indicates the…


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Optoelectronic Devices

Optoelectronic Devices

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…


Worksheets - Linear Regulator

Stripline Trace Width Calculator

Stripline Trace Width Calculator

A calculator designed to calculate the trace width of a stripline based on the maximum current rating


Tools

Si Lab - Commutating Diode

Si Lab - Commutating Diode

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple circuit that will teach you how to use a commutating diode to reduce inductive kickback.


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Computational Circuits

Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…


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Clamper Circuits

Clamper Circuits

The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…


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Millman’s Theorem Revisited

Millman’s Theorem Revisited

You may have wondered where we got that strange equation for the…


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